Afferent impulses in the vagus and their effect on respiration
Afferent impulses in the vagus and their effect on respiration
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DOI：
10.1113/jphysiol.1933.sp003053
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发表时间：
1933-10-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Adrian, ED
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adrian, ED
在猫身上，通过记录单个传入纤维的冲动，研究了迷走神经在呼吸中的作用。一些放电来自不受肺运动影响的末端器官，例如，来自与心脏和气管相关的末端器官。在对肺运动作出反应并产生可测量的动作电流的末端器官中，通常唯一起作用的是由肺扩张刺激的器官。这些末端器官的行为类似于身体其他部位的肌梭和伸展感受器。他们对刺激的适应非常缓慢。在正常呼吸时，最大限度。单根光纤的放电频率从每秒50-100次不等，但速度高达每秒300次。都是由极端通货膨胀造成的。在中度充气时，这种频率与肺容量直接相关。AMTS中的二氧化碳。高于10%会产生非常轻微的流量减少，以测试通货膨胀，但影响并不超出误差范围。有氮的通风和循环衰竭不会立即产生效果。10-20分钟后。对持续刺激的放电下降得更快，但在一小时内仍可能会有一些反应。在心脏停止跳动之后。AMT中的氯仿蒸气。2.5%或更低的浓度对末端器官的反应没有明显影响。较高的比例会导致快速衰竭，但一旦肺部充气，就会迅速恢复。从肺部吸入空气会刺激一组新的末梢器官。它们可能在病理条件下起作用，但它们不受肺的正常运动刺激，在中度呼吸困难时也没有证据表明它们的活动。在兔子身上，当胸外压力增加时，它们会在呼气时受到刺激。迷走神经对呼吸的影响主要是由于肺中伸展感受器的冲动。这些都对呼吸中枢有抑制作用，但这种抑制主要发生在活动阶段。因此，像Head建议的那样，周期性的抑制可能会缩短运动放电，从而加快呼吸速度，从而加速恢复。在氯醛糖麻醉的猫和兔身上，呼气肌(三角肌、STEMI和肋间内侧肌)有规律地收缩。它们有时在去大脑的猫身上起作用，但在深度氯仿麻醉下的猫身上从未起作用。氯化动物的呼气肌在切断双侧迷走神经后仍在活动。对呼吸运动的传入控制进行了讨论。
The action of the vagus in respiration has been studied in the cat by recording the impulses in single afferent fibers. Some of the discharges come from end organs which are not affected by lung movement, e.g., from end organs in relation to the heart and to the trachea. Of the end organs which respond to lung movement and give measurable action currents, the only kind in action normally is that stimulated by expansion of the lung. These end organs behave like the muscle spindles and stretch receptors in other parts of the body. They become very slowly adapted to the stimulus. In normal breathing the max. frequency of the discharge in single fibers varies from 50-100 per sec., though rates as high as 300 per sec. are produced by extreme inflation. With moderate inflations the frequency varies directly with the lung volume. CO2 in amts. higher than 10% produces a very slight diminution in the discharge to test inflation, but the effect is not outside the range of error. Ventilation with N and failure of the circulation have no immediate effect. After 10-20 min. the discharge to a constant stimulus declines more rapidly, but there may still be some response an hr. after the heart has stopped beating. Chloroform vapor in amts. of 2.5% or less has no obvious effect on the response of the end organs. Higher proportions produce a rapid failure, but there is a rapid recovery as soon as the lungs are inflated with air. Suction of air from the lungs stimulates a fresh set of end organs. These may come into action in pathological conditions, but they are not stimulated by the normal movement of the lung and there is no evidence of their activity in moderate dyspnea. In the rabbit they are stimulated at expiration when the extra-thoracic pressure is increased. The effect of the vagus on respiration must be due mainly to the impulse from the stretch receptors in the lung. These have an inhibitory effect on the respiratory center, but the inhibition occurs mainly during the phase of activity. Periodic inhibitions may therefore quicken the rate of breathing, as Head suggested, by cutting short the motor discharge and so hastening recovery. The expiratory muscles (triangularis stemi and internal intercostals) contract regularly in cats and rabbits anesthetized with chloralose. They are sometimes in action in decerebrate cats but never in cats under deep chloroform anesthesia. In chloralosed animals the expiratory muscles remain in action after section of both vagi. The afferent control of the respiratory movements is discussed.