Genomics of Environmentally Induced Phenotypes in 2 Extremely Plastic Arthropods
Genomics of Environmentally Induced Phenotypes in 2 Extremely Plastic Arthropods
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DOI：
10.1093/jhered/esr020
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Colbourne, John K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Simon, Jean-Christophe;Pfrender, Michael E.;Colbourne, John K.
了解基因和环境如何相互作用以形成表型对于解决适应性进化中的重要问题具有根本重要性。然而，对于大多数具有成熟遗传学和可获得的基因组资源的模式物种，我们对塑造其进化的自然环境因素知之甚少。相比之下，具有深入了解的生态学和对环境线索的良好表征反应的动物物种很少是基因组研究的主题。在这里，我们预览蚜虫和水蚤的基因组学的进展，可能有助于改变表型可塑性的调节机制的研究。这种昆虫和甲壳类动物的二重奏有能力产生极其不同的表型，以应对环境刺激。性命运和生殖模式是条件依赖于这两个群体，这也是能够改变形态，生理和行为，以响应生物和非生物的线索。最近，豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum和水蚤Daphnia pulex的基因组序列被各自的研究团体描述。我们建议，基因组生物学的综合研究集中在条件依赖的转录基础上的共同的塑料性状和专门的繁殖模式，将提供广泛的了解适应性可塑性和基因组环境相互作用。我们强调最近的进展，了解基因组调控的替代表型和环境线索处理，我们提出了未来的研究途径，发现基因网络和表观遗传机制的表型可塑性。
Understanding how genes and the environment interact to shape phenotypes is of fundamental importance for resolving important issues in adaptive evolution. Yet, for most model species with mature genetics and accessible genomic resources, we know little about the natural environmental factors that shape their evolution. By contrast, animal species with deeply understood ecologies and well characterized responses to environmental cues are rarely subjects of genomic investigations. Here, we preview advances in genomics in aphids and waterfleas that may help transform research on the regulatory mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity. This insect and crustacean duo has the capacity to produce extremely divergent phenotypes in response to environmental stimuli. Sexual fate and reproductive mode are condition-dependent in both groups, which are also capable of altering morphology, physiology and behavior in response to biotic and abiotic cues. Recently, the genome sequences for the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum and the waterflea Daphnia pulex were described by their respective research communities. We propose that an integrative study of genome biology focused on the condition-dependent transcriptional basis of their shared plastic traits and specialized mode of reproduction will provide broad insight into adaptive plasticity and genome by environment interactions. We highlight recent advances in understanding the genome regulation of alternative phenotypes and environmental cue processing, and we propose future research avenues to discover gene networks and epigenetic mechanisms underlying phenotypic plasticity.