Human Tumor Antigens Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow.
Human Tumor Antigens Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow.
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DOI：
10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0112
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发表时间：
2017-05
影响因子：
10.1
通讯作者：
Finn OJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Finn OJ
人类肿瘤是否表达可被免疫系统识别的抗原的问题已经得到了响亮的回答是肯定的。大多数是通过在癌症患者中发现的自发抗肿瘤体液和细胞免疫应答确定的，包括肽、糖肽、磷酸肽、病毒肽和由癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因中的常见突变或常见基因融合事件产生的肽。许多已经作为抗癌疫苗的候选人进行了广泛的测试。最近，注意力已经集中在潜在的大量独特的肿瘤抗原，突变的新抗原，其是通过原发性肿瘤的外显子组测序揭示的众多突变的预测产物。只有少数已被确认为自发免疫和免疫监视的目标，甚至更少的已在临床前和临床环境中进行了测试。长期以来，该领域一直就共享抗原与突变抗原在肿瘤监测中的相对重要性以及作为疫苗的候选者而存在分歧。这个问题最终需要在设计良好的临床试验中进行头对头比较来回答。共享抗原相对于突变抗原的一个优势是它们有可能用于初级癌症预防的疫苗中。
The question of whether human tumors express antigens that can be recognized by the immune system has been answered with a resounding YES. Most were identified through spontaneous antitumor humoral and cellular immune responses found in cancer patients and include peptides, glycopeptides, phosphopeptides, viral peptides, and peptides resulting from common mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, or common gene fusion events. Many have been extensively tested as candidates for anti-cancer vaccines. More recently, attention has been focused on the potentially large number of unique tumor antigens, mutated neoantigens, that are the predicted products of the numerous mutations revealed by exome sequencing of primary tumors. Only a few have been confirmed as targets of spontaneous immunity and immunosurveillance and even fewer have been tested in preclinical and clinical settings. The field has been divided for a long time on the relative importance of shared versus mutated antigens in tumor surveillance and as candidates for vaccines. This question will eventually need to be answered in a head to head comparison in well-designed clinical trials. One advantage that shared antigens have over mutated antigens is their potential to be used in vaccines for primary cancer prevention.