Ecology and evolution of seafloor and subseafloor microbial communities
Ecology and evolution of seafloor and subseafloor microbial communities
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DOI：
10.1038/s41579-018-0046-8
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发表时间：
2018-07
影响因子：
88.1
通讯作者：
W. Orsi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Orsi
黑暗海洋的广大区域的有机物沉积速度非常慢，其沉积物被氧化到很深的地方，但有机物和细胞的水平很低。氧化海底的初级生产是由氨氧化古生菌支持的，而在缺氧的沉积物中，新的、未培养的类群有可能产生H_2和CH_4，这有助于厌氧碳固定。海底细菌的突变率很低，它们的进化很可能是在缺氧和缺氧条件下选择不同的预适应海底下分类群来主导的。此外，病毒的丰度和活性表明，它们影响海底下群落的大小、结构和选择。这篇综述强调了微生物群落如何在独特的、营养贫乏和能源匮乏的海底环境中生存，在那里它们有可能影响全球生化循环。
Vast regions of the dark ocean have ultra-slow rates of organic matter sedimentation, and their sediments are oxygenated to great depths yet have low levels of organic matter and cells. Primary production in the oxic seabed is supported by ammonia-oxidizing archaea, whereas in anoxic sediments, novel, uncultivated groups have the potential to produce H2and CH4, which fuel anaerobic carbon fixation. Subseafloor bacteria have very low mutation rates, and their evolution is likely dominated by selection of different pre-adapted subseafloor taxa under oxic and anoxic conditions. In addition, the abundance and activity of viruses indicate that they affect the size, structure and selection of subseafloor communities. This Review highlights how microbial communities survive in the unique, nutrient-poor and energy-starved environment of the seabed, where they have the potential to influence global biochemical cycles.