Quantum clocks, gravitational time dilation, and quantum interference
Quantum clocks, gravitational time dilation, and quantum interference
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量子钟、引力时间膨胀和量子干涉
DOI：
10.1103/physrevd.106.124035
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Kinoshita Shunichiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chiba Takeshi;Kinoshita Shunichiro
引入了一个量子钟的可观测真时，发现当一个钟阅读到另一个钟的真时时服从经典时间膨胀，并与狭义相对论运动学时间膨胀一致.在这里，我们将这个建议扩展到弱引力场，以研究弱等效原理是否适用于量子物质。我们发现，对于一般量子态，弱引力场中的量子时间膨胀服从经典相对论中的引力时间膨胀。然而，与狭义相对论的情况不同，时间膨胀涉及外部时间（地球上观察者的背景坐标时间）以及两个时钟的固有时间。我们还研究了在动量空间或位置空间局域化的波包叠加中由时钟引起的量子时间膨胀效应，并提出了在时间膨胀中观察量子干涉效应中引力效应的装置。
A proper time observable for a quantum clock is introduced and it is found that the proper time read by one clock conditioned on another clock reading a different proper time obeys classical time dilation in accordance with special relativistic kinematical time dilation. Here, we extend this proposal to a weak gravitational field in order to investigate whether the weak equivalence principle holds for quantum matter. We find that for general quantum states the quantum time dilation in a weak gravitational field obeys a similar gravitational time dilation found in classical relativity. However, unlike the special relativistic case, the time dilation involves the external time (a background coordinate time at the observer on the Earth) as well as the proper times of two clocks. We also investigate a quantum time dilation effect induced by a clock in a superposition of wave packets localized in momentum space or in position space and propose the setup to observe the gravitational effect in the quantum interference effect in the time dilation.