Review of microsporidia-mosquito relationships: from the simple to the complex
Review of microsporidia-mosquito relationships: from the simple to the complex
复制标题
DOI：
10.14411/fp.2005.006
复制
发表时间：
2005-05-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Shapiro, AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Becnel, JJ;White, SE;Shapiro, AM
蚊子体内的微孢子虫可根据其生活史和宿主-寄生虫关系分为两类。一些微孢子虫物种表现出简单的生活史，其中一种孢子类型负责口腔（水平）传播。它们只影响一代蚊子，通常不是宿主或组织特异性的。Brachiola algerae（Vavra et Underground，1970）和Vavraia cultivae（Weiser，1947）是从蚊子中分离的物种的例子，具有相对简单的生命周期（一种孢子类型）和简单的宿主-寄生虫关系。B。也已经从脊椎动物（人）宿主中分离出了algerae和V. cultivae的近亲，但是这些感染的来源是未知的。与B相反。algerae和V. culturae，蚊子中的多形（异形孢子）微孢子虫的特征在于复杂的生命周期，涉及负责水平和垂直传播的多种孢子类型。它们影响两代蚊子，有些涉及专性中间宿主。这些微孢子虫通常具有非常强的宿主和组织特异性，具有由独特阶段和事件组成的复杂发育序列。微孢子虫Edhazardia aedis（Kudo，1930）是埃及伊蚊的病原体，不需要中间宿主。E. Aedis的特征在于四个孢子形成序列，两个在亲本宿主中，两个在子代中。最近关于B来源的猜测。阿尔及利亚的人类感染涉及受感染的蚊子，并引起了对蚊子微孢子虫总体安全性的关注。本综述的主题是比较和对比三种蚊子微孢子虫，两种具有广泛的宿主范围（B。algerae和V. cultivus）和对蚊子特异的一种（E. aedis）。这篇综述描述了区分具有简单生命周期和广泛宿主范围的蚊子寄生微孢子虫与具有复杂生命周期的真正蚊子特异性微孢子虫的特征。
Microsporidia in mosquitoes can be divided into two categories based on their life cycles and host-parasite relationships. Some species of microsporidia exhibit simple life cycles with one spore type responsible for oral (horizontal) transmission. They affect only one generation of the mosquito and are not usually host or tissue specific. Brachiola algerae (Vavra et Undeen, 1970) and Vavraia culicis (Weiser, 1947) are examples of species isolated from mosquitoes with relatively straightforward life cycles (one spore type) and simple host-parasite relationships. B. algerae and a close relative of V. culicis have also been isolated from a vertebrate (human) host but sources for these infections are unknown. In contrast to B. algerae and V. culicis, polymorohic (heterosporous) microsporidia in mosquitoes are characterized by complex life cycles involving multiple spore types responsible for horizontal and vertical transmission. They affect two generations of the mosquito and some involve an obligate intermediate host. These microsporidia are generally very host and tissue specific with complex developmental sequences comprised of unique stages and events. The microsporidium Edhazardia aedis (Kudo, 1930) is a pathogen of Aedes aegypti and does not require an intermediate host. The developmental, cycle of E. aedis is characterized by four sporulation sequences, two in the parental host and two in the filial generation. Recent speculation relative to the source of B. algerae human infection have implicated infected mosquitoes and raised concerns about the safety of mosquito microsporidia in general. The subject of this review is to compare and contrast three species of microsporidia from mosquitoes, two with broad host ranges (B. algerae and V. culicis) and one specific to mosquitoes (E. aedis). This review describes features that distinguish mosquito-parasitic microsporidia with simple life cycles and broad host ranges from truly mosquito-specific microsporidian parasites with complex life cycles.