Behavioral Consequences of a Rumbling Tummy: Fasting Alters Emotional State via the Vagus Nerve.
Behavioral Consequences of a Rumbling Tummy: Fasting Alters Emotional State via the Vagus Nerve.
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肚子咕咕叫的行为后果：禁食通过迷走神经改变情绪状态。
DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.08.006
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Noble,EmilyE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Noble,EmilyE
对于动物来说，在不断变化的世界中适应生理需求的能力大大提高了生存能力。这些适应可以是生理上的，比如在温暖的天气里脱掉厚厚的皮毛，也可以是行为上的，比如在寒冷的天气里依偎在另一只动物身上。这种行为变化是由来自环境的感官信息引起的，而动机、注意力和情绪反应的心理变化则促进了这种行为变化。在最新一期的《生物精神病学》中，克里格等人。(1)调查导致禁食期间发生的焦虑样行为减少的机制。使用4种不同的焦虑样行为的措施，克里格等人。(1)研究表明，饥饿（禁食过夜）的雄性和雌性啮齿动物表现出焦虑样行为的减少，表现为对不利环境的探索增加，尝试不熟悉食物的意愿增加，以及对大声噪音的惊吓反应减少。研究表明，急性和慢性食物限制都可以减少雄性啮齿动物的焦虑行为（2）。此外，最近对11项研究和1436名参与者的荟萃分析表明，禁食可以缓解人类的压力，焦虑和抑郁症状。一个问题仍然是为什么会发生这样的现象，生物学。禁食产生抗焦虑反应的潜在优势是什么？
For animals, survival is greatly enhanced by the ability to adapt to facilitate the meeting of physiological needs in an ever-changing world. These adaptations can be physiological, such as the shedding a heavy coat of fur in warm weather, or behavioral, such as snuggling up to another animal in cold weather. Such behavioral changes, brought about by sensory information from the environment, are facilitated by psychological shifts in motivation, attention, and emotional responses. In the current issue of Biological Psychiatry, Krieger et al.(1) investigate mechanisms driving reductions in anxiety-like behavior that occur during fasting. Using 4 different measures of anxiety-like behavior, Krieger et al.(1) show that both male and female rodents who are hungry (fasted overnight) display reductions in anxiety-like behavior, measured as an increased exploration of adverse environments, an increased willingness to try unfamiliar foods, and a reduced startle response to loud noises. Research has shown that both acute and chronic food restriction reduce anxiety-like behavior in male rodents (2). Moreover, a recent meta-analysis of 11 studies and 1436 participants showed that fasting alleviated stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in humans (3). A question remains as to why such a phenomenon would occur, biologically. What is the potential advantage of having an anxiolytic response to fasting?