Dark and Bright Patterns in Cookie Consent Requests
Dark and Bright Patterns in Cookie Consent Requests
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Cookie 同意请求中的深色和明亮模式
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Buijzen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Graßl;H. Schraffenberger;Frederik J. Zuiderveen Borgesius;M. Buijzen
黑暗模式是（邪恶的）设计推动，通过有说服力的界面设计来引导人们的行为。越来越多地出现在cookie同意请求中，它们可能会破坏欧盟隐私法的原则。在两个预先注册的在线实验中，我们研究了三种常见的设计轻推（默认，美学操纵，障碍）对用户的同意决定和他们在这些情况下对个人数据的控制感的影响。在第一个实验中（N = 228），我们探讨了设计轻推对隐私不友好的选项（暗模式）的影响。实验表明，大多数参与者同意所有同意请求，而不管黑暗设计的推动。出乎意料的是，尽管感知控制水平普遍较低，但阻碍隐私友好选项会导致更多而不是更少的感知控制。在第二个实验（N = 255）中，我们将设计的方向转向隐私友好的选项，我们称之为“明亮的图案”。这一次，障碍和默认轻推有效地将人们转向隐私友好的选项，而与实验1相比，感知控制的结果保持不变。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，目前许多cookie同意请求的实现并不能让互联网用户做出有意义的选择，因此不符合欧盟政策制定者的意图。我们还探讨了政策制定者如何解决这个问题。
Dark patterns are (evil) design nudges that steer people’s behaviour through persuasive interface design. Increasingly found in cookie consent requests, they possibly undermine principles of EU privacy law. In two preregistered online experiments we investigated the effects of three common design nudges (default, aesthetic manipulation, obstruction) on users’ consent decisions and their perception of control over their personal data in these situations. In the first experiment (N = 228) we explored the effects of design nudges towards the privacy-unfriendly option (dark patterns). The experiment revealed that most participants agreed to all consent requests regardless of dark design nudges. Unexpectedly, despite generally low levels of perceived control, obstructing the privacy-friendly option led to more rather than less perceived control. In the second experiment (N = 255) we reversed the direction of the design nudges towards the privacy-friendly option, which we title “bright patterns”. This time the obstruction and default nudges swayed people effectively towards the privacy-friendly option, while the result regarding perceived control stayed the same compared to Experiment 1. Overall, our findings suggest that many current implementations of cookie consent requests do not enable meaningful choices by internet users, and are thus not in line with the intention of the EU policymakers. We also explore how policymakers could address the problem.
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Barr, Dale J.;Levy, Roger;Scheepers, Christoph;Tily, Harry J.
通讯作者：
Tily, Harry J.
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Carpenter, Bob;Gelman, Andrew;Riddell, Allen
通讯作者：
Riddell, Allen