Theories of developmental dyslexia: insights from a multiple case study of dyslexic adults
Theories of developmental dyslexia: insights from a multiple case study of dyslexic adults
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/brain/awg076
复制
发表时间：
2003-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
14.5
通讯作者：
Frith, U
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ramus, F;Rosen, S;Frith, U
一个多案例研究进行了评估，以发展性阅读障碍的三个主要理论：（一）语音理论，（二）大细胞（听觉和视觉）理论和（iii）小脑理论。16名阅读障碍者和16名对照大学生进行了一系列心理测量、语音、听觉、视觉和小脑测试。个体数据显示，所有16名诵读困难者患有语音缺陷，10名听觉缺陷，4名运动缺陷和2名视觉大细胞缺陷。结果表明，语音缺陷可以出现在没有任何其他的感觉或运动障碍，并足以造成识字障碍，表现为五个诵读困难。听觉障碍，如果存在，加重语音缺陷，因此识字障碍。然而，听觉缺陷不能简单地描述为快速听觉处理问题，如大细胞理论所预测的那样。也不局限于言语。与小脑理论相反，我们发现很少支持运动障碍的概念，当发现时，有小脑起源或反映自动性缺陷。总体而言，目前的数据支持诵读困难的语音理论，同时承认存在额外的感觉和运动障碍，在某些人。
A multiple case study was conducted in order to assess three leading theories of developmental dyslexia: (i) the phonological theory, (ii) the magnocellular (auditory and visual) theory and (iii) the cerebellar theory. Sixteen dyslexic and 16 control university students were administered a full battery of psychometric, phonological, auditory, visual and cerebellar tests. Individual data reveal that all 16 dyslexics suffer from a phonological deficit, 10 from an auditory deficit, four from a motor deficit and two from a visual magnocellular deficit. Results suggest that a phonological deficit can appear in the absence of any other sensory or motor disorder, and is sufficient to cause a literacy impairment, as demonstrated by five of the dyslexics. Auditory disorders, when present, aggravate the phonological deficit, hence the literacy impairment. However, auditory deficits cannot be characterized simply as rapid auditory processing problems, as would be predicted by the magnocellular theory. Nor are they restricted to speech. Contrary to the cerebellar theory, we find little support for the notion that motor impairments, when found, have a cerebellar origin or reflect an automaticity deficit. Overall, the present data support the phonological theory of dyslexia, while acknowledging the presence of additional sensory and motor disorders in certain individuals.