A first genetic assessment of the newly introduced Isle Royale gray wolves (Canis lupus)
A first genetic assessment of the newly introduced Isle Royale gray wolves (Canis lupus)
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DOI：
10.1007/s10592-021-01373-y
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发表时间：
2021-05-26
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Brzeski, Kristin E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hervey, Samuel D.;Rutledge, Linda Y.;Brzeski, Kristin E.
皇家岛国家公园的灰狼（Canis lupus）种群数量急剧下降，到2017年，只有两只狼是同父异母的兄弟姐妹和一对父女，生产可行的年轻人的可能性很低。这种急剧下降的部分原因是与近亲繁殖相关的负面健身后果。为了恢复皇家岛的生态系统，2018年和2019年转移了19只灰狼。建立者从大波蒂奇，明尼苏达州（n = 4），西部上半岛，MI（n = 4），Jostle湖，ON（n = 3），和Ekapicoten岛，ON（n = 8）易位，并使用18个微卫星基因座进行基因分型。易位的Isle Royale创始人的等位基因丰富度和杂合性与参考人群相似。人口结构分配皇家岛创始人灰狼与东部狼（犬lycaon cf）的混合物的证据很少。此外，我们确认从西比科滕岛转移的狼是一个单一的家庭群体。通过对新的Isle Royale创始人的模拟和实证分析，我们预测在未来50年内遗传变异将减少，近亲繁殖将增加。然而，不同程度的移民可能会保留一些遗传变异。我们的研究结果表明，皇家岛的创始人是遗传多样性和五大湖地区的代表，但一个单一的家庭群体的数量优势可能有负面影响，保留遗传多样性和成功建立特定的狼，加强遗传适应性的持续监测的重要性。
The gray wolf (Canis lupus) population of Isle Royale National Park suffered an extreme population decline where by 2017 only two wolves that were both half-siblings and a father-daughter pair remained with low probability of producing viable young. This precipitous decline was in part due to the negative fitness consequences associated with inbreeding. To restore the Isle Royale ecosystem 19 gray wolves were translocated in 2018 and 2019. The founders were translocated from Grand Portage, MN (n = 4), western Upper Peninsula, MI (n = 4), Jostle Lake, ON (n = 3), and Michipicoten Island, ON (n = 8), and genotyped using 18 microsatellite loci. Allelic richness and heterozygosity of translocated Isle Royale founders was similar to reference populations. Population structure assigned the Isle Royale founders to gray wolves with little evidence of admixture from eastern wolves (Canis lycaon cf). In addition, we confirmed wolves translocated from Michipicoten Island were a single family-group. Through simulation and empirical analysis of the new Isle Royale founders we projected a loss in genetic variation over the next 50 years and an increase in inbreeding. However, varying levels of immigration may allow the retention of some genetic variation. Our findings indicate Isle Royale founders are genetically diverse and representative of the Great Lakes region, but the numerical dominance of a single family group may have negative implications for retaining genetic diversity and success of establishment for specific wolves, reinforcing the importance of continued monitoring of genetic fitness.