In-situ itraconazole treatment improves survival rate during an amphibian chytridiomycosis epidemic
In-situ itraconazole treatment improves survival rate during an amphibian chytridiomycosis epidemic
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2015.12.041
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Cunningham, Andrew A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hudson, Michael A.;Young, Richard P.;Cunningham, Andrew A.
两栖类壶菌病是一种新型的传染病，由树枝状蛙壶菌（Batrachochytrium dendrobatium，Bd）引起，威胁着全球数百种两栖类物种。在缺乏基于实地的缓解方法的情况下，两栖动物保护行动计划倡导圈养保证方案，以防止因这种传染病而灭绝。不幸的是，在整个全球动物园社区的合作下，国际自然保护联盟两栖动物方舟估计只有50个物种可以被拯救。显然，如果要避免灾难性的损失，就需要开发替代的缓解技术。一直没有实验室证实的干预措施，壶菌病在现场设置，必须改变，以允许高度威胁的两栖动物种群知情的管理决策。我们测试了使用抗真菌药物伊曲康唑的个别山鸡蛙（Leptodactylus fallax）的原位治疗。多状态标记重捕获分析表明，与未处理的动物相比，处理过的青蛙的存活率和Bd感染损失的可能性增加。有证据表明给药具有预防作用，因为在给药期间，给药动物的感染概率低于未给药动物。虽然未观察到长期治疗后生存率增加，但确定性群体模型估计抗真菌治疗将使群体灭绝时间从49周延长至124周，约增加60%。因此，就地治疗的个人可能是一个有用的短期措施，以增加其他两栖动物物种的壶菌病威胁的保护行动，或促进人口生存在高疾病风险期间。(C)2015爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
The emerging infectious disease, amphibian chytridiomycosis caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), threatens hundreds of amphibian species globally. In the absence of field-based mitigation methods, the Amphibian Conservation Action Plan advocates captive assurance programmes to prevent extinction from this infectious disease. Unfortunately, with the cooperation of the entire global zoo community, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Amphibian Ark estimates only 50 species could be saved. Clearly, if catastrophic losses are to be averted, alternative mitigation techniques need to be developed. There has been an absence of trialling laboratory proven interventions for chytridiomycosis in field settings, which must change in order to allow informed management decisions for highly threatened amphibian populations. We tested the in-situ treatment of individual mountain chicken frogs (Leptodactylus fallax) using the antifungal drug, itraconazole. Multi-state mark recapture analysis showed increased probability of survival and loss of Bd infection for treated frogs compared to untreated animals. There was evidence of a prophylactic effect of treatment as, during the treatment period, infection probability was lower for treated animals than untreated animals. Whilst long term, post-treatment increase in survival was not observed, a deterministic population model estimated antifungal treatment would extend time to extinction of the population from 49 to 124 weeks, an approximated 60% increase. In-situ treatment of individuals could, therefore, be a useful short-term measure to augment other conservation actions for amphibian species threatened by chytridiomycosis or to facilitate population survival during periods of high disease risk. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.