HPA Axis-Rhythms
HPA Axis-Rhythms
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DOI：
10.1002/cphy.c140003
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发表时间：
2014-07-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Lightman, Stafford L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Spiga, Francesca;Walker, Jamie J.;Lightman, Stafford L.
下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴调节糖皮质激素的循环水平，是哺乳动物的主要神经内分泌系统，提供快速反应和应激防御。在基础（即，无应激）条件下，糖皮质激素以明显的昼夜节律释放，其特征在于糖皮质激素在活动期（即人类的白天和夜间动物如小鼠和大鼠的夜间）的峰值水平。当更详细地研究时，变得清楚的是，HPA轴的昼夜节律的特征在于肾上腺中糖皮质激素的脉冲式释放，其导致血液和靶组织（包括脑）内的激素水平的快速超昼夜振荡。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了这些昼夜节律和超昼夜HPA节律的调节，这些节律在健康和疾病中如何变化，以及它们如何影响生物体的生理和行为。(C)2014年美国生理学会。
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulates circulating levels of glucocorticoid hormones, and is the major neuroendocrine system in mammals that provides a rapid response and defense against stress. Under basal (i.e., unstressed) conditions, glucocorticoids are released with a pronounced circadian rhythm, characterized by peak levels of glucocorticoids during the active phase, that is daytime in humans and nighttime in nocturnal animals such as mice and rats. When studied in more detail, it becomes clear that the circadian rhythm of the HPA axis is characterized by a pulsatile release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal gland that results in rapid ultradian oscillations of hormone levels both in the blood and within target tissues, including the brain. In this review, we discuss the regulation of these circadian and ultradian HPA rhythms, how these rhythms change in health and disease, and how they affect the physiology and behavior of the organism. (C) 2014 American Physiological Society.