The spatiotemporal patterns of major human admixture events during the European Holocene.
The spatiotemporal patterns of major human admixture events during the European Holocene.
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DOI：
10.7554/elife.77625
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发表时间：
2022-05-30
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Moorjani, Priya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chintalapati, Manjusha;Patterson, Nick;Moorjani, Priya
最近的研究表明，在整个人类历史上，混合物一直是普遍存在的。虽然有几种方法可以确定当代人群中的混合物，但它们不适合稀疏，低覆盖率的古代基因组数据。因此，我们开发了DATES（进化信号的遗传区域分布），它利用单个个体基因组中的祖先协方差模式来推断混合的时间。DATES提供了各种人口情景下的可靠估计，并优于古代DNA应用的现有方法。使用来自欧洲和西亚16个地区的约1100个古代基因组的日期，我们重建了祖先人口形成的年表，以及新石器时代农业和草原牧民相关祖先在欧洲传播的精细细节。通过研究安纳托利亚农民的遗传形成，我们推断与伊朗新石器时代农民有关的基因流发生在公元前9600年之前，早于安纳托利亚农业的出现。与考古证据相反，我们估计早期草原牧民群体（Yamnaya和Afanasiev）在草原畜牧业开始前的一千多年中就已经形成。我们的分析为农业和印欧语言的起源和传播提供了新的见解，突出了基因组测年方法在阐明人类移民遗产方面的力量。
Recent studies have shown that admixture has been pervasive throughout human history. While several methods exist for dating admixture in contemporary populations, they are not suitable for sparse, low coverage ancient genomic data. Thus, we developed DATES (Distribution of Ancestry Tracts of Evolutionary Signals) that leverages ancestry covariance patterns across the genome of a single individual to infer the timing of admixture. DATES provides reliable estimates under various demographic scenarios and outperforms available methods for ancient DNA applications. Using DATES on~1100 ancient genomes from sixteen regions in Europe and west Asia, we reconstruct the chronology of the formation of the ancestral populations and the fine-scale details of the spread of Neolithic farming and Steppe pastoralist-related ancestry across Europe. By studying the genetic formation of Anatolian farmers, we infer that gene flow related to Iranian Neolithic farmers occurred before 9600 BCE, predating the advent of agriculture in Anatolia. Contrary to the archaeological evidence, we estimate that early Steppe pastoralist groups (Yamnaya and Afanasievo) were genetically formed more than a millennium before the start of Steppe pastoralism. Our analyses provide new insights on the origins and spread of farming and Indo-European languages, highlighting the power of genomic dating methods to elucidate the legacy of human migrations.