Was the Anthropocene anticipated?
Was the Anthropocene anticipated?
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人类世是被预见到的吗？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Grinevald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Hamilton;J. Grinevald
许多作者都指出了人类世新概念的“先驱”，其中最常见的是安东尼奥·斯托帕尼（Antonio Stoppani）、弗拉基米尔·维尔纳德斯基（Vladimir Vernadsky）和皮埃尔·德日进（Pierre Teilhard de Chardin）。寻找先行者的作用，无论是有意还是无意，都会削弱所提出的新地质纪元的重要性。我们认为，人类世这一概念并不存在，也不可能存在，因为这个概念（2000 年提出）是 20 世纪 80 年代国际地圈-生物圈计划和地球系统科学首次提出的对地球作为一个不断发展的行星的跨学科理解的产物。早期的科学家评论“人类时代”时，是根据人类对环境或“地球面貌”的影响，而不是地球系统。此外，早期的西方观念依赖于对人类地理和生态影响力传播的渐进和线性进化理解，而人类世则代表着人类和地球历史上所有进化观念的彻底决裂，包括任何向更高阶段前进的观念的崩溃（例如德哈德的“智慧圈”）。
Various authors have identified ‘precursors’ of the new concept of the Anthropocene, with most frequent reference made to Antonio Stoppani, Vladimir Vernadsky and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. The effect, intended or otherwise, of finding forerunners is to deflate the significance of the proposed new geological epoch. We argue there were no precursors to the notion of the Anthropocene, and that there could not have been because the concept (put forward in the year 2000) is an outgrowth of the recent interdisciplinary understanding of the Earth as an evolving planet inaugurated in the 1980s by the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme and Earth system science. Earlier scientists who commented on ‘the age of man’ did so in terms of human impact on the environment or ‘the face of the Earth’, not the Earth system. Moreover, earlier Western conceptions relied on a progressive and linear evolutionary understanding of the spread of humankind’s geographical and ecological influence, whereas the Anthropocene represents a radical rupture with all evolutionary ideas in human and Earth history, including the breakdown of any idea of advance to a higher stage (such as Teilhard’s ‘noösphere’).