Interspecific hybrids and chimeras in mice.
Interspecific hybrids and chimeras in mice.
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小鼠种间杂种和嵌合体。
DOI：
10.1002/jez.1402280208
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发表时间：
1983
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
V. Chapman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Rossant;B. Croy;D. Clark;V. Chapman
哺乳动物的种间杂交和嵌合体为研究遗传学和胚胎学问题提供了独特的工具，因为这两种组成基因之间的差异程度很大。我们试图在实验小鼠Mus Musculus和来自东南亚的野生小鼠Mus Caroli之间制造杂交和嵌合体。肌肉分枝杆菌和卡罗利分枝杆菌通常不会杂交，尽管通过人工授精可以产生不育的杂交后代。胎儿和母体环境之间的基因不相容的外在问题似乎与杂交存活率低有关，因为卡罗利分枝杆菌的囊胚在移植到子宫肌肉分枝杆菌时也会死亡。死亡与母体T细胞的产生有关，这些T细胞在体外对M.Caroli靶细胞具有细胞毒作用。目前尚不清楚这种免疫反应是导致死亡的主要原因，还是次要于胎儿-母亲相互作用的其他部分的崩溃。然而，很明显的是，是滋养层调节了肌肉中外来胚胎细胞的生存或死亡，因为Caroli内细胞团细胞可以在注射到肌肉囊胚后存活到足月：存活的种间嵌合体结果。更令人信服的证据是，通过利用肌肉分枝杆菌基因型的滋养细胞和卡罗利分枝杆菌类型的内细胞团重建滋养层小泡来产生存活的卡罗利分枝杆菌后代。对分离的滋养层组织的特性研究表明，Caroli分枝杆菌滋养层细胞在抗原性和免疫抑制特性上可能与肌肉分枝杆菌不同。原位标记系统的发展有助于阐明这些不同种间妊娠中滋养细胞-子宫的相互作用，该系统可以通过与肌肉分枝杆菌卫星DNA探针的原位杂交来区分切片材料中的两个物种的细胞。同样的标记也被证明是分析嵌合体细胞谱系发育的一个非常强大的工具。
Interspecific hybrids and chimeras in mammals provide unique tools for investigating problems in genetics and embryology, because of the degree of disparity between the two component genotypes. We have attempted to produce hybrids and chimeras between Mus musculus, the laboratory mouse, and Mus caroli, a wild species of mouse from Southeast Asia. M. musculus and M. caroli do not normally interbreed, although sterile hybrids can be produced at a low rate by artificial insemination. Extrinsic problems of genotypic incompatibility between the fetus and the maternal environment seem to be involved in poor hybrid survival, since M. caroli blastocysts also die when transferred to the M. musculus uterus. Death is associated with the generation of maternal T-cells which are cytotoxic to M. caroli target cells in vitro. It is not yet clear whether this immune response is the primary cause of death or is secondary to breakdown of some other components of the fetal-maternal interaction. It is clear, however, that it is the trophoblast layer that mediates survival or death of the foreign embryonic cells in the M. musculus juterus, since M. caroli inner cell mass cells can survive to term after injection into M. musculus blastocysts: Viable interspecific chimeras result. Even more convincing evidence is provided by the production of viable M. caroli offspring by trophoblast vesicle reconstitution using trophoblast of M. musculus genotype and inner-cell mass of M. caroli type. Studies of properties of isolated trophoblast tissues have indicated that M. caroli trophoblast may differ from M. musculus in both its antigenic and immunosuppressive properties. Elucidation of trophoblast-uterine interactions in these various interspecific pregnancies is being aided by the development of an in situ marker system, which can distinguish cells of the two species in sectioned material by in situ hybridization with a M. musculus satellite DNA probe. This same marker is also proving a very powerful tool for analyzing cell lineage development in chimeras.