The role of eicosanoids in the brain.
The role of eicosanoids in the brain.
复制标题
类二十烷酸在大脑中的作用。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
A. Sinclair
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daniella Tassoni;Gunveen Kaur;R. Weisinger;A. Sinclair
大脑含有两种主要的多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA），花生四烯酸（AA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）。这些PUFA几乎完全位于神经细胞膜中发现的磷酸甘油酯的sn 2-位置。这些PUFA从磷酸甘油酯的释放通过特异性磷脂酶（PLA 2）的作用发生。游离AA可被环氧合酶代谢成胡萝卜素和血栓烷，而AA和DHA均可被脂氧合酶代谢成羟基衍生物和白三烯。AA也通过5-脂氧合酶途径代谢为脂氧素。形成的类二十烷酸在神经功能中起重要作用，包括睡眠诱导（PGD 2）、长时程增强、空间学习和突触可塑性（PGE 2）、炎症消退（脂氧素）以及抗炎和神经保护生物活性（二羟基-二十二碳三烯，神经保护素D1，由DHA形成）。COX抑制剂已被证明可以减少氧化应激和认知障碍。此外，用于治疗抑郁症的药物已被证明可以减少大脑中AA转化为PGE 2。缺乏ω 3 PUFA的饮食会导致大脑中DHA的减少和AA向类花生酸的转化增加，这种影响可以通过在饮食中恢复ω 3 PUFA来克服。在神经创伤和神经退行性疾病中，AA衍生的类二十烷酸水平急剧上升。相比之下，DHA衍生的化合物可以预防神经炎症。显然，类花生酸对大脑的正常功能非常重要，而PUFA本身对膜结构和功能也很重要。
The brain contains two main polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These PUFA are located almost exclusively in the sn2-position of phosphoglycerides which are found in the neural cell membranes. Liberation of these PUFA from the phosphoglycerides occurs via the action of specific phospholipases (PLA2). Free AA can be metabolised by cyclooxygenases to prostaglandins and thromboxane, while both AA and DHA can be metabolised by lipoxygenases to form hydroxy derivatives and leukotrienes. AA is also metabolised to lipoxins via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. The eicosanoids formed play important roles in neural function including sleep induction (PGD2), long term potentiation, spatial learning and synaptic plasticity (PGE2), resolution of inflammation (lipoxins) and anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective bioactivity (dihydroxy-docosatriene, neuroprotectin D1, formed from DHA). COX-inhibitors have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and cognitive impairment. Additionally, drugs which are used to treat depression have been shown to reduce the turnover of AA to PGE2 in the brain. Diets deficient in omega 3 PUFA lead to reduced DHA in the brain and increased turnover of AA to eicosanoids, an effect which is overcome by restoring the omega 3 PUFA to the diet. In neural trauma and neurodegenerative diseases, there is a dramatic rise in the levels of AA-derived eicosanoids. In contrast, DHA-derived compounds can prevent neuroinflammation. Clearly, the eicosanoids are very important for the normal functioning of the brain, while the PUFA themselves are important in membrane structure and function.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0508215102
发表时间：
2005-12-27
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Perier, C;Tieu, K;Vila, M
通讯作者：
Vila, M
影响因子：
15.9
作者：
Lukiw, WJ;Cui, JG;Bazan, NG
通讯作者：
Bazan, NG
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Feitosa E;Adati RD;Hansson P;Malmsten M
通讯作者：
Malmsten M
DOI：
10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2005.07.001
发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Chen, C;Bazan, NG
通讯作者：
Bazan, NG
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0502903102
发表时间：
2005-08-02
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Akbar, M;Calderon, F;Kim, HY
通讯作者：
Kim, HY