Collusive attacks to "circle-type" multi-party quantum key agreement protocols
Collusive attacks to "circle-type" multi-party quantum key agreement protocols
复制标题
对“圈型”多方量子密钥协商协议的串通攻击
DOI：
10.1007/s11128-016-1264-5
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Liu, Run-Zong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Liu, Bin;Xiao, Di;Liu, Run-Zong
我们发现，现有的多方量子密钥协商（MQKA）协议设计的密钥的公平性，实际上是不公平的。我们的分析表明，这些协议是敏感的合谋攻击，也就是说，不诚实的参与者可以合作预先确定的关键而不被发现。事实上，在这些不公平的MQKA协议中，量子粒子的传输结构有很多共同点，其中三个已经分析过了。我们将这些不公平的MQKA协议称为圈型MQKA协议。同样，MQKA协议中可以抵抗合谋攻击的量子粒子的传输结构也是类似的。我们称这种协议为完全图型MQKA协议。还有一种MQKA协议可以抵抗上述攻击，但仍然不公平，我们称之为树型MQKA协议。我们首先指出一个常见的，容易错过的漏洞，严重损害了目前的圆型MQKA协议的公平性。然后证明了两个处于特殊位置的不诚实参与者可以完全预先确定圈型MQKA协议生成的密钥。我们期望我们的观察将有助于安全和公平的MQKA协议，特别是圈型协议。
We find that existing multi-party quantum key agreement (MQKA) protocols designed for fairness of the key are, in fact, unfair. Our analysis shows that these protocols are sensitive to collusive attacks; that is, dishonest participants can collaborate in predetermining the key without being detected. In fact, the transmission structures of the quantum particles in those unfair MQKA protocols, three of which have already been analyzed, have much in common. We call these unfair MQKA protocols circle-type MQKA protocols. Likewise, the transmission structures of the quantum particles in MQKA protocols that can resist collusive attacks are also similar. We call such protocols complete-graph-type MQKA protocols. A MQKA protocol also exists that can resist the above attacks but is still not fair, and we call it the tree-type MQKA protocol. We first point out a common, easily missed loophole that severely compromises the fairness of present circle-type MQKA protocols. Then we show that two dishonest participants at special positions can totally predetermine the key generated by circle-type MQKA protocols. We anticipate that our observations will contribute to secure and fair MQKA protocols, especially circle-type protocols.