Sanitary investment and the decline of urban mortality in England and Wales, 1817–1914
Sanitary investment and the decline of urban mortality in England and Wales, 1817–1914
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英格兰和威尔士的卫生投资和城市死亡率下降，1817-1914 年
DOI：
10.1080/1081602x.2018.1556722
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Hinde
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Harris;A. Hinde
以前的作者已经提请注意，在英格兰和威尔士，在世纪后半叶，贷款资助的公共工程在降低死亡率方面所起的作用。这些论点的依据往往是对1848年第一个卫生总委员会成立后政府中央卫生部门批准的贷款的分析，但几乎没有试图按职能或地理区域分列贷款。此外，正如地方政府委员会本身所承认的，还必须考虑到通过其他方式批准的大量贷款。本文首次对拿破仑战争结束至第一次世界大战爆发这段时期内由地方议会法案批准或由中央部门批准的全部贷款进行了大规模的时间顺序记述。虽然它在很大程度上支持了先前研究提供的大纲，但它引起了人们对19世纪60年代美国内战后批准的贷款重要性的新关注。它还探讨了这些贷款和死亡率下降的地区，以前被确定为“高性能和高贡献的地区"英国的19世纪末的死亡率下降之间的关系，并作出初步尝试，这些贷款的改善发生。
ABSTRACT Previous authors have drawn attention to the role played by loan-financed public works in reducing mortality in England and Wales during the latter part of the nineteenth century. These arguments have often been based on an analysis of the loans sanctioned by the Government’s central health departments following the creation of the first General Board of Health in 1848, but little attempt has been made to disaggregate the loans either by function or geographical area. Moreover, as the Local Government Board itself acknowledged, it is also important to take account of the large number of loans which were approved by other means. This paper offers the first large-scale chronological account of the full range of loans which were either approved by Local Act of Parliament or sanctioned by a central department throughout the whole of the period from the end of the Napoleonic Wars to the start of the First World War. Although it largely supports the outline provided by previous research, it draws new attention to the importance of the loans which were authorised in the wake of the US Civil War in the 1860s. It also explores the relationship between these loans and the decline of mortality in areas which have previously been identified as ‘high-performing and high-contributing areas’ to Britain’s late nineteenth-century mortality decline, and makes an initial attempt to link these loans to the improvements which occurred.