Analysis of Invertebrate Biodiversity in a Philippine Farmer's Irrigated Rice Field
Analysis of Invertebrate Biodiversity in a Philippine Farmer's Irrigated Rice Field
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菲律宾农民灌溉稻田的无脊椎动物多样性分析
DOI：
10.1093/ee/27.5.1125
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
D. Bottrell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Schoenly;H. Justo;A. Barrion;M. Harris;D. Bottrell
应用等级-丰度曲线、群落结构指数和基于替代物的生物多样性评估方法，收集了农民灌溉水稻(Oryza sativa L.)菲律宾吕宋岛上的田野。在水稻秧苗移栽收获后，分别对树冠和洪水中的无脊椎动物进行真空采样和过滤器采样，每隔大约一周进行一次，总共8个采样日期。累积样本包括植物冠层202个分类群和9,570个个体；洪水累积样本180个分类群和84,905个个体。等级-丰度曲线揭示了以下发现：(1)无脊椎动物丰度范围为10,000倍，许多种类在所有作物阶段都保持丰富；(2)洪水中无脊椎动物丰度的均匀度(公平性)低于植物冠层，很大程度上是由于2种甲壳类动物的数量优势(75%)；(3)天敌占优势，成为树冠和洪水中分类群数量最多的群体，其次是食草动物、食肉动物和旅游者(除稻田捕食者外，没有已知的相互作用的非捕食性动物)；(4)以食草动物和有害动物为主的动物群分别代表了早期作物的冠层和洪水期，其次是捕食者主导的动物群，在作物中期和后期。群落周转率一般都随着作物年龄的增长而增加，前者增加的速度比后者快。在作为所有冠层类群的替代品的82个陆生类群中，Mymarid黄蜂(Anagrussp.)这一分类群对单一采样日期的敏感性使其与其他冠层类群不适合作为所有冠层类群的替代物。相反，在所测试的24个洪涝分类群中，亲水甲虫和其他4个分类群(介形类、腹足类、珊瑚类和摇蚊)通过了我们的敏感性测试，被判定为这个旱季水稻生态系统中所有洪涝分类群的可接受替代品。我们建议将生物多样性概念(等级-丰度曲线、行会、群落指标)和评估方法(替代分类群)与农业生态学联系起来，以便为研究和培训计划加强对热带水稻生态系统的了解。
Rank-abundance curves, indices of community structure, and surrogate-based methods of biodiversity assessment were applied to invertebrate time-series data collected from a farmer's irrigated rice ( Oryza sativa L.) field on Luzon Island, Philippines. Canopy and floodwater invertebrates were vacuum- and strainer-sampled, respectively, at roughly weekly intervals after rice seedlings were transplanted up to harvest for a total of 8 sampling dates. The cumulative samples included 202 taxa and 9,570 individuals for the plant canopy and 180 taxa and 84,905 individuals for the floodwater. Rank-abundance curves revealed the following findings: (1) a 10,000-fold range in invertebrate abundance with many abundant taxa remaining abundant over all crop stages; (2) lower evenness (equitability) of invertebrate abundances in the floodwater than the plant canopy, due in large part to the numerical dominance (75%) of 2 crustaceans [ Heterocypris luzonensis Neale, Eucyclops serrulatus (Fischer)]; (3) the preponderance of natural enemies as the largest guild in number of taxa in both the canopy and floodwater, followed by herbivores, detritivores, and tourists (nonpredatory taxa with no known interaction except as prey to rice field predators); and (4) herbivore- and detritivore-dominated faunas typified early crop periods in the canopy and floodwater, respectively, followed by predator-dominated faunas in both systems at mid- and late-crop stages. Rates of community turnover generally increased with crop age in both the canopy and floodwater faunas with the former increasing faster than the latter. Of the 82 terrestrial taxa that were tested as surrogates of all canopy taxa, mymarid wasps ( Anagrus sp.) gave the best fit to the data; however, this taxon's sensitivity to single sampling dates made it and the other canopy taxa unsuitable surrogates of all canopy taxa. Conversely, of the 24 floodwater taxa tested, hydrophilid beetles and 4 other taxa (ostracods, gastropods, corixids and chironomids) passed our sensitivity test and were judged as acceptable surrogates for all floodwater taxa in this dry season rice ecosystem. We propose guidelines linking biodiversity concepts (rank-abundance curves, guilds, community metrics) and assessment methods (surrogate taxa) to agroecology for the purpose of enhancing understanding of tropical rice ecosystems for research and training programs.