An assessment of two environmental and economic benefits of ‘Cash for Clunkers’
An assessment of two environmental and economic benefits of ‘Cash for Clunkers’
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对“旧车换现金”两项环境和经济效益的评估
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.10.011
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
M. Moore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Lenski;G. Keoleian;M. Moore
这项研究旨在提供一个更全面的，生命周期会计的两类环境和经济效益与30亿美元的美国“旧车换现金”汽车报废计划。首先，使用Lenski et al.（2010）开发的生命周期排放方法，我们发现避免了约29，000公吨标准污染物排放，带来约2，300万美元的收益;相比之下，避免二氧化碳排放提供了价值9，000万美元的收益。第二，我们将报废汽车的市值与提供的回扣进行比较，计算出消费者剩余或“礼物”给参与者高达20亿美元（每辆车约2000至3000美元）。这比以前的车辆报废计划提供的要多得多，这表明有机会获得更多的环境和经济“物有所值”。最后，这两类好处被发现在地理上高度集中在城市中心周围。大约2%的美国县（50个县）分别从避免标准污染物排放和消费者盈余中获得了50%和30%的总收益。
This research aims to provide a more comprehensive, life cycle accounting of two categories of environmental and economic benefits associated with the $3 billion US “Cash for Clunkers” vehicle scrappage program. First, using a life cycle emissions methodology developed in Lenski et al. (2010), we find that about 29,000 metric tons of criteria pollutant emissions were avoided, for a benefit of about $23 million; avoided carbon dioxide emissions, by comparison, provided a benefit worth $90 million. Second, we compare the market value of scrapped vehicles to the rebates provided, calculating the consumer surplus or “gift” to participants to be up to $2 billion (about $2000 to $3000 per vehicle). This is significantly more than offered in previous vehicle scrappage programs, and suggests opportunities to get more environmental and economic “bang for the buck.” Finally, these two categories of benefits are found to be heavily concentrated geographically around urban centers. About 2% of US counties (50 counties) received 50% and 30% of the aggregate benefits from avoided criteria pollutant emissions and consumer surplus from the rebates, respectively.