Survey of the Operational Status of 25 Swedish Municipal Stormwater Management Ponds
Survey of the Operational Status of 25 Swedish Municipal Stormwater Management Ponds
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DOI：
10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001203
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发表时间：
2017-06-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Blecken, Godecke-Tobias
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Al-Rubaei, Ahmed Mohammed;Merriman, Laura S.;Blecken, Godecke-Tobias
在过去的50年里，人们建造了潮湿的雨水池，以减少城市雨水排放对接收水环境的负面环境影响。然而，在许多司法管辖区，关于这类池塘目前的运作状况及其运作情况的信息很少。这种信息的匮乏促使人们对25个瑞典市政雨水池进行了实地调查，年龄在3到26岁之间。池塘调查的重点是评估池塘的水力负荷和效率、沿岸植被状况、入口和出口区域底泥的特征(大小和化学成分)以及池塘的整体运行状况，包括维护通道。利用文献数据对池塘的水力效率进行了估算，包括池塘足迹、形状以及进出口的相对位置。估算的水力效率与池塘长宽比、池塘表面积与汇流集水区不透水面积之比(即水力负荷)有很好的相关性。对滨海植被进行了目视检查，发现一些设施过度生长，阻碍了维护通道。池塘底栖沉积物中含有粉砂和粘土(约63微米)、砂砾，与文献资料比较，显得较粗。沉积物的化学特征反映了人为(交通)活动，但没有过度污染，因此没有特别的处置要求。在调查的25个池塘中，有4个池塘被栅栏隔开，无法使用机器。事实上，这四个池塘的设计使得检查和维护非常困难，这可能会对池塘的运行构成潜在的风险。54%的调查池塘需要进行较小的维护，主要是因为流入和流出部分的泥沙和垃圾堆积。检查调查揭示的可以轻易纠正的小问题相对较少，这一事实表明，相对简单的定期检查的重要性在于，在小问题严重影响池塘功能之前，及早发现这些小问题。上述调查方法应有助于在其他司法管辖区开展类似的低成本调查。(C)2017年美国土木工程师学会。
During the past 50 years, wet stormwater ponds have been constructed to reduce negative environmental impacts of urban stormwater discharges on receiving aquatic environments. However, in many jurisdictions there is little information on the current operational status of such ponds and their functioning. This paucity of information prompted a field survey of 25 Swedish municipal stormwater ponds, aged between 3 and 26 years. The pond survey focused on estimating the pond hydraulic loading and efficiency, the state of littoral vegetation, characteristics of bottom sediment in the inlet and outlet zones (sizes and the chemistry), and the overall operational pond status, including the access for maintenance. The hydraulic efficiencies of ponds were estimated for pond footprint shapes and relative locations of the inlets and outlets using literature data. The estimated hydraulic efficiencies correlated well with the pond length-to-width ratios and the ratio of the pond surface area to the impervious area of the runoff contributing catchment (i.e., the hydraulic loading). Littoral vegetation was inspected visually and found to be overgrown at some facilities, which impeded the maintenance access. Benthic sediments in ponds contained silt and clay (< 63 mu m), sand and gravel fractions, and when compared with the literature data, such sediments appeared relatively coarse. Chemical characteristics of sediments reflected anthropogenic (traffic) activities, but without excessive contamination warranting special disposal requirements. Of the 25 ponds surveyed, four were fenced off and inaccessible to machinery. In fact, the design of these four ponds was such that it made inspection and maintenance very difficult, which may pose potential risks to ponds operation. Fifty-four percent of the investigated ponds were in need of minor maintenance, primarily because of sediment and litter accumulation in their inflow and outflow sections. The fact that the inspection survey revealed relatively few minor issues that could be corrected easily demonstrates the importance of relatively simple regular inspections serving to detect minor problems at an early stage before they would seriously impact pond functioning. The above survey methodology should be helpful for developing similar low-cost surveys in other jurisdictions. (C) 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.