A quantum gas microscope for detecting single atoms in a Hubbard-regime optical lattice
A quantum gas microscope for detecting single atoms in a Hubbard-regime optical lattice
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DOI：
10.1038/nature08482
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发表时间：
2009-11-05
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Greiner, Markus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bakr, Waseem S.;Gillen, Jonathon I.;Greiner, Markus
近年来，在创造复杂的原子多体量子系统方面取得了巨大进展。一种方法是使用超冷原子的宏观的、有效的热力学系综来创造量子气体和物质的强关联态，并分析系综的整体性质。例如，哈伯德体系光学晶格中的玻色子和费米子原子（1-5）可以用于固态模型的量子模拟（6）。相反的方法是一个原子一个原子地建立微观量子系统，完全控制所有的自由度（7-9）。原子或离子充当量子比特，并允许实现量子门，目标是创建高度可控的量子信息系统。到目前为止，宏观和微观战略一直是相当脱节的。在这里，我们提出了一个量子气体“显微镜”，桥梁的两种方法，实现了一个系统中，一个宏观系综的原子被单独检测和一套完整的自由度为他们每个人是通过准备和测量确定。通过实现一个高分辨率的光学成像系统，单原子检测与接近统一的保真度的哈伯德制度的光学晶格的各个网站。晶格本身是通过将全息掩模投影通过成像系统而产生的。它有一个任意的几何形状，选择支持强隧道耦合之间的晶格网站和强大的现场限制。我们的方法可用于直接检测物质的强相关态;在凝聚态模拟的背景下，这对应于模拟晶体中单个电子的检测。此外，量子气体显微镜可以实现基于超冷原子的大规模量子信息系统的寻址和读出。
Recent years have seen tremendous progress in creating complex atomicmany-body quantum systems. One approach is to use macroscopic, effectively thermodynamic ensembles of ultracold atoms to create quantum gases and strongly correlated states of matter, and to analyse the bulk properties of the ensemble. For example, bosonic and fermionic atoms in a Hubbard-regime optical lattice(1-5) can be used for quantum simulations of solid-state models(6). The opposite approach is to build up microscopic quantum systems atom-by-atom, with complete control over all degrees of freedom(7-9). The atoms or ions act as qubits and allow the realization of quantum gates, with the goal of creating highly controllable quantum information systems. Until now, the macroscopic and microscopic strategies have been fairly disconnected. Here we present a quantum gas 'microscope' that bridges the two approaches, realizing a system in which atoms of a macroscopic ensemble are detected individually and a complete set of degrees of freedom for each of them is determined through preparation and measurement. By implementing a high-resolution optical imaging system, single atoms are detected with near-unity fidelity on individual sites of a Hubbard-regime optical lattice. The lattice itself is generated by projecting a holographic mask through the imaging system. It has an arbitrary geometry, chosen to support both strong tunnel coupling between lattice sites and strong on-site confinement. Our approach can be used to directly detect strongly correlated states of matter; in the context of condensed matter simulation, this corresponds to the detection of individual electrons in the simulated crystal. Also, the quantum gas microscope may enable addressing and read-out of large-scale quantum information systems based on ultracold atoms.