Mechanisms of exercise- and training-induced fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle
Mechanisms of exercise- and training-induced fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle
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DOI：
10.7600/jpfsm.3.43
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发表时间：
2014-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Miura;M. Tadaishi;Yasutomi Kamei;O. Ezaki
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文献类型：
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作者：
S. Miura;M. Tadaishi;Yasutomi Kamei;O. Ezaki
运动对脂肪燃烧有急性和慢性影响。关于急性效应，在一次运动期间和之后观察到，负责燃烧脂肪的酶增加。肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶1（CPT 1）调节线粒体中脂肪酸的β-氧化，被认为在急性效应中起重要作用。AMP活化的蛋白激酶（AMPK），检测肌肉的能量状态的激活，可能有助于运动诱导的CPT 1的激活。在持续运动训练观察到的慢性效应中，可以看到肌肉功能的生理变化。特别是，在耐力训练后观察到线粒体数量的增加和脂肪酸代谢的增强。过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α（PGC-1α）在适应性产热和线粒体生物合成中起重要作用。运动增强了PGC-1α的表达，PGC-1α的增加介导了耐力训练后骨骼肌的生理变化。最近，PGC-1α的几种异构体被鉴定。不同的信号通路调节每种亚型的表达。本文就运动过程中脂质代谢的调节进行综述。我们还描述了PGC 1 α亚型和调节其表达的信号通路，这些信号通路与运动训练对骨骼肌的影响有关。最后，我们介绍了两项研究，可以解释耐力训练的系统效应。
Exercise has acute and chronic effects on fat burning. Concerning the acute effect, observed during and after a single exercise session, the enzymes responsible for burning fat increase. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which regulates the β-oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria, is believed to play an important role in the acute effect. The activation of AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK), which detects the energy state of muscles, may contribute to the exercise-induced activation of CPT1. In the chronic effect observed with ongoing exercise training, physiological changes in muscle function are seen. In particular, an increase in the number of mitochondria and enhancement of fatty acid metabolism are observed after endurance training. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) plays an important role in adaptive thermogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis. Exercise enhances the expression of PGC-1α, and the increase in PGC-1α mediates the physiological changes observed in skeletal muscle after endurance training. Recently, several isoforms of PGC-1α were identified. Different signaling pathways regulate the expression of each isoform. In this review, we discuss the regulation of lipid metabolism during physical activity. We also describe the PGC1α isoforms and the signaling pathways that regulate their expression in relation to the effects of exercise training on skeletal muscle. Finally, we introduce two studies that may explain the systemic effect of endurance training.