COMPARATIVE-ANALYSIS OF 2 RATES
COMPARATIVE-ANALYSIS OF 2 RATES
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DOI：
10.1002/sim.4780040211
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
NURMINEN, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MIETTINEN, O;NURMINEN, M
在本文中，我们研究了速率的比较分析，着眼于每个常见的比较参数——速率差（RD）、速率比（RR）和优势比（OR）——并特别参考第一原理。对于 RD 和 RR，我们发现流行的统计方法相当糟糕。我们强调需要在区间估计（以及点估计和假设检验）的卡方函数中限制方差估计。对于 RR 分析，我们提出了一种与 RD 类似的卡方公式，因此，它避免了当前对数变换的实践及其相关的方差泰勒级数近似的使用。对于 OR 分析，我们强调由 Cornfield 针对非分层数据引入并由 Gart 扩展到分层分析情况的卡方函数，它是基于有效得分的，因此体现了其最优性属性。我们提供仿真结果来证明所提出的（参数约束）程序比传统程序具有更好的性能。
In this paper, we examine comparative analysis of rates with a view to each of the usual comparative parameters‐rate difference (RD), rate ratio (RR) and odds ratio (OR)‐and with particular reference to first principles. For RD and RR we show the prevailing statistical practices to be rather poor. We stress the need for restricted estimation of variance in the chi‐square function underlying interval estimation (and also point estimation and hypothesis testing). For RR analysis we propose a chi‐square formulation analogous to that for RD and, thus, one which obviates the present practice of log transformation and its associated use of Taylor series approximation of the variance. As for OR analysis, we emphasize that the chi‐square function, introduced by Cornfield for unstratified data, and extended by Gart to the case of stratified analysis, is based on the efficient score and thus embodies its optimality properties. We provide simulation results to evince the better performance of the proposed (parameter‐constrained) procedures over the traditional ones.