Norepinephrine at the nexus of arousal, motivation and relapse.
Norepinephrine at the nexus of arousal, motivation and relapse.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.002
复制
发表时间：
2016-06-15
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Berridge CW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
España RA;Schmeichel BE;Berridge CW
唤醒在认知、情感和动机过程中起着至关重要的作用。与此相一致的是，觉醒相关神经系统的失调与各种精神疾病有关，包括成瘾。去甲肾上腺素能系统发挥强有力的唤醒增强作用，涉及皮质下区域分布网络内α1-和β-去甲肾上腺素能受体的信号传导。大多数关于去甲肾上腺素对觉醒的调节的研究都集中在蓝斑核。然而，解剖学研究表明，多个去甲肾上腺素能神经核支配皮质下觉醒相关区域，提供了一个基板的差异调节觉醒这些不同的去甲肾上腺素能神经核。精神兴奋剂和其他滥用药物的兴奋作用导致其广泛滥用。此外，复吸可以由各种唤醒促进事件触发，包括压力和重新暴露于滥用药物。长期以来，有证据表明去甲肾上腺素在复发中起着重要作用。最近的观察表明，去甲肾上腺素能信号eleventually情感中性唤醒，足以恢复药物寻求。总的来说，这些观察结果表明，去甲肾上腺素在唤醒，动机和复发之间的相互作用中起着关键作用。
Arousal plays a critical role in cognitive, affective and motivational processes. Consistent with this, the dysregulation of arousal-related neural systems is implicated in a variety of psychiatric disorders, including addiction. Noradrenergic systems exert potent arousal-enhancing actions that involve signaling at α1- and β-noradrenergic receptors within a distributed network of subcortical regions. The majority of research into noradrenergic modulation of arousal has focused on the nucleus locus coeruleus. Nevertheless, anatomical studies demonstrate that multiple noradrenergic nuclei innervate subcortical arousal-related regions, providing a substrate for differential regulation of arousal across these distinct noradrenergic nuclei. The arousal-promoting actions of psychostimulants and other drugs of abuse contribute to their widespread abuse. Moreover, relapse can be triggered by a variety of arousal-promoting events, including stress and re-exposure to drugs of abuse. Evidence has long-indicated that norepinephrine plays an important role in relapse. Recent observations suggest that noradrenergic signaling elicits affectively-neutral arousal that is sufficient to reinstate drug seeking. Collectively, these observations indicate that norepinephrine plays a key role in the interaction between arousal, motivation, and relapse.