Tunneling decay of false vortices
Tunneling decay of false vortices
复制标题
虚假涡旋的隧道衰减
DOI：
10.1103/physrevd.88.085031
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Dong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bum;Wonwoo Lee;R. MacKenzie;M. Paranjape;U. Yajnik;Dong
我们考虑 2+1 维标量电动力学理论的假真空中捕获的涡流的衰变。这种势能的灵感来自于中间对称性破缺到亚稳态真空的模型，该模型完全破坏了 U(1) 对称性，而在真正的真空中，对称性并未被破坏。假真空通过真真空气泡的形成而变得不稳定；然而，衰减速度可能非常长。另一方面，假真空可能包含亚稳态涡旋溶液。除了一个单位的磁通量和外部适当的拓扑非平凡的假真空之外，这些涡流还包含内部的真真空。我们用数值方法确定了经典稳定的涡旋解的存在性；然而，它们可以通过隧道效应衰减。一般来说，它们形成一个大的、薄壁涡旋结构的隧道结构，这种结构现在对于其半径的扩展来说通常是不稳定的。我们计算半经典近似中隧道振幅的估计。我们相信我们的分析与超导薄膜或超流体相关。
We consider the decay of vortices trapped in the false vacuum of a theory of scalar electrodynamics in 2+1 dimensions. The potential is inspired by models with intermediate symmetry breaking to a metastable vacuum that completely breaks a U(1) symmetry, while in the true vacuum the symmetry is unbroken. The false vacuum is unstable through the formation of true vacuum bubbles; however, the rate of decay can be extremely long. On the other hand, the false vacuum can contain metastable vortex solutions. These vortices contain the true vacuum inside in addition to a unit of magnetic flux and the appropriate topologically nontrivial false vacuum outside. We numerically establish the existence of vortex solutions which are classically stable; however, they can decay via tunneling. In general terms, they tunnel to a configuration which is a large, thin-walled vortex configuration that is now classically unstable to the expansion of its radius. We compute an estimate for the tunneling amplitude in the semi-classical approximation. We believe our analysis would be relevant to superconducting thin films or superfluids.