A Comparison of Dietary Protein Digestibility, Based on DIAAS Scoring, in Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian Athletes
A Comparison of Dietary Protein Digestibility, Based on DIAAS Scoring, in Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian Athletes
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DOI：
10.3390/nu11123016
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Johnston, Carol S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ciuris, Corinne;Lynch, Heidi M.;Johnston, Carol S.
如果精心计划，素食可以提供丰富的营养。然而，与杂食饮食相比，素食饮食的蛋白质质量可能较低，这反映了氨基酸分布和生物利用度较差。因此，目前推荐的蛋白质膳食摄入量可能不足以满足某些素食人群的需求。本研究的目的是使用 DIAAS（可消化必需氨基酸评分）方法确定素食和杂食耐力运动员的膳食蛋白质质量。 DIAAS 分数反映了食品中必需氨基酸的真实回肠消化率，这些分数可用于计算饮食计划中的可用蛋白质。 38 名杂食者和 22 名素食者提交了 7 天的食物记录，分析了营养成分，并按饮食组计算了 DIAAS 分数。将平均可用蛋白质（克）与参与者的去脂体重和力量（使用腿部伸展的峰值扭矩进行量化）进行比较。与素食运动员相比，杂食运动员的 DIAAS 分数和可用蛋白质更高（分别+11% 和+43%，p < 0.05）。杂食性参与者的去脂体重显着高于素食参与者（+14%），并且可用蛋白质和力量（r = 0.314）以及可用蛋白质和去脂体重（r = 0.541）之间存在显着相关性。根据 DIAAS 确定的可用蛋白质，本研究中的素食运动员平均每天需要额外摄入 10 克蛋白质，才能达到建议的蛋白质摄入量（1.2 克/公斤/天）。每天需要额外补充 22 克蛋白质才能达到 1.4 克/公斤/天的摄入量，即推荐摄入量范围的上限。
Vegetarian diets provide an abundance of nutrients when carefully planned. However, vegetarian diets may have lower protein quality compared to omnivorous diets, a reflection of less favorable amino acid profiles and bioavailability. Hence, the current recommended dietary allowance for protein may not be adequate for some vegetarian populations. The purpose of this study was to determine dietary protein quality using the DIAAS (Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score) method in vegetarian and omnivore endurance athletes. DIAAS scores reflect the true ileal digestibility of the indispensable amino acids that are present in food items, and these scores can be used to compute the available protein in diet plans. Thirty-eight omnivores and 22 vegetarians submitted seven-day food records that were analyzed for nutrient content, and DIAAS scores were computed by diet group. Average available protein (g) was compared along with participants' lean body mass and strength (quantified using the peak torque of leg extension). DIAAS scores and available protein were higher for omnivorous versus vegetarian athletes (+11% and +43%, respectively, p < 0.05). Omnivorous participants had significantly higher lean body mass than vegetarian participants (+14%), and significant correlations existed between available protein and strength (r = 0.314) and available protein and lean body mass (r = 0.541). Based upon available protein, as determined through the DIAAS, vegetarian athletes in this study would need to consume, on average, an additional 10 g protein daily to reach the recommended intake for protein (1.2 g/kg/d). An additional 22 g protein daily would be needed to achieve an intake of 1.4 g/kg/d, the upper end of the recommended intake range.