Algal esterase activity as a biomeasure of environmental degradation in a freshwater creek.
Algal esterase activity as a biomeasure of environmental degradation in a freshwater creek.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0166-445x(01)00254-5
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发表时间：
2002-09
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
R. Regel;J. M. Ferris;G. Ganf;J. Brookes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Regel;J. M. Ferris;G. Ganf;J. Brookes
本研究探讨了利用铜绿微囊藻和羊角月牙藻的藻类酯酶活性作为一种快速测量的酸性矿山排水（AMD）的生物效应，在南澳大利亚流（澳大利亚）也受到污水污染和旱地盐碱化的潜力。藻类生物测定是基于非荧光底物，荧光素二乙酸酯（FDA），它是由酯酶代谢的荧光产物，荧光素。酯酶活性解释为FDA转化为荧光素的平均速率，并表示为对照藻类所实现的速率的百分比（%FDAC）。使用流式细胞术测量单个藻类细胞的荧光，从而能够区分三种酯酶活性状态（低=S1、正常和受刺激），并计算相对于对照藻类（例如%S1）发现的处于每种活性状态的藻类细胞的百分比。藻类酯酶活性迅速响应AMD影响的水，但也增加电导率（与旱地盐度）和营养浓度（与污水）。暴露于受AMD影响的水中1小时，%FDAC降低30- 70%，% S1增加60- 90%，酯酶活性抑制持续24小时。类似的酯酶活性抑制发生在两种藻类暴露于相对高电导率的水（约。20 mS cm-1）持续1 h，但藻类在24 h内从这种“冲击”中恢复。S. capricornutum从66%增加到158%的控制值后，24小时暴露于从污水处理厂的下游取样的富营养化的水，尽管事实上，capricornutum生长在营养充足的文化。蓝藻（M.铜绿假单胞菌）和绿色（S. capricornutum）藻类培养物的暴露时间为1和24小时，成功地区分了三种类型的污染。酯酶活性与水质参数的相关性表明，研究区AMD最清晰和最不模糊的生物学指标是M的%S1。铜绿假单胞菌暴露24小时后。因此，使用流式细胞仪来定义低酯酶活性状态成功地澄清了对受AMD影响的水的反应。该研究表明，成功应用藻类酯酶活性生物测定，结合流式细胞术，快速评估受AMD影响的沃茨的毒性，并区分这种反应从其他污染物的影响（增加营养和导电性）。
This study investigated the potential for using algal esterase activity of Microcystis aeruginosa and Selenastrum capricornutum as a rapid measure of the biological effects of acid mine drainage (AMD) in a South Australian stream (Australia) also affected by sewage pollution and dry-land salinity. Algal bioassays were based on the non-fluorescent substrate, fluorescein diacetate (FDA) which is metabolised by esterases to the fluorescent product, fluorescein. Esterase activity was interpreted as the mean rate of conversion of FDA to fluorescein and expressed as a percentage of the rate achieved by control algae (%FDAC). Flow cytometry was used to measure the fluorescence of individual algal cells, enabling differentiation of three esterase activity states (low=S1, normal and stimulated) and calculation of the percentage of algal cells in each activity state relative to that found for control algae (e.g. %S1). Algal esterase activity responded rapidly to AMD-affected water but also to increased conductivity (associated with dry-land salinity) and nutrient concentrations (associated with sewage). Exposure to AMD-affected water for 1 h reduced %FDAC by 30–70%, and increased %S1by 60–90%, a depression of esterase activity that was maintained over 24 h. A similar depression of esterase activity occurred in both algae exposed to comparatively high-conductivity water (ca. 20 mS cm−1) for 1 h but the algae recovered from this ‘shock’ within 24 h. The %FDAC of S. capricornutum increased from 66 to 158% of control values after a 24 h exposure to nutrient-enriched water sampled downstream from a sewage treatment plant, despite the fact that the alga was grown in nutrient-sufficient culture. The combination of cyanobacterial (M. aeruginosa) and green (S. capricornutum) algal cultures with exposure times of 1 and 24 h was successful in distinguishing between the three types of pollution. Correlation of esterase activity measures with water quality parameters indicated that the clearest and least equivocal biological measure of AMD for the study area was the %S1for M. aeruginosa after a 24 h exposure. The use of the flow cytometer to define a low esterase activity state was therefore successful in clarifying the response to AMD-affected water. The study demonstrates the successful application of algal esterase activity bioassays, in combination with flow cytometry, to rapidly assess the toxicity of AMD-affected waters and to differentiate this response from the effects of other pollutants (increased nutrients and conductivity).