Early Devonian fungi: a blastocladalean fungus with sexual reproduction
Early Devonian fungi: a blastocladalean fungus with sexual reproduction
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早期泥盆世真菌：具有有性生殖的囊枝真菌
DOI：
10.1002/j.1537-2197.1994.tb15503.x
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发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
H. Hass
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Remy;T. N. Taylor;H. Hass
在本文中，我们描述了一种真菌化石——Paleoblastocladia millerigen。等11 月——来自 4 亿年前泥盆世早期的 Rhynie 燧石，它与芽模目的现代游动孢子真菌具有许多特征。这种真菌以毛簇形式出现，这些毛簇源自长轴米粉藻的气孔或角质层和表皮之间。叶状体发育始于不规则的双极基底细胞，产生基质内假根和棒状基质外无隔膜菌丝系统。这些菌丝发育成两种类型的成熟菌体。孢子菌的特征是具有数个目的的二歧分枝，并产生终端、球状的游动孢子囊，以及厚壁、有凹痕的静止孢子囊。在单独的二分枝叶状体（配子体）上有两个或三个配子体的末端链，其中末端的配子体稍大。尽管所有生殖器官都含有游动孢子或配子，但没有一个显示出排出乳头的证据。将化石真菌与现存的芽生菌目成员进行比较，并讨论了有性生殖的存在。
In this paper we describe a fossil fungus–Paleoblastocladia millerigen. et sp. nov.–from the 400 million‐year‐old Early Devonian Rhynie chert that shares numerous features with modern zoosporic fungi placed in the order Blastocladiales. The fungus occurs in tufts that arise from stomata or between the cuticle and epidermis ofAglaophyton majoraxes. Thallus development begins from an irregular bipolar basal cell that produces a system of intramatrical rhizoids and clavate‐shaped extramatrical, nonseptate hyphae. These hyphae develop into two types of mature thalli. Sporothalli are characterized by several orders of dichotomous branching and the production of terminal, globose zoosporangia, as well as thick‐walled, pitted resting sporangia. On separate dichotomously branched thalli (gametothalli) are terminal chains of two or three gametangia, in which the terminal one is slightly larger. Despite the fact that all of the reproductive organs contain either zoospores or gametes, none show evidence of discharge papillae. The fossil fungus is compared with extant members of the Blastocladiales, and the presence of sexual reproduction is discussed.