The many paths to asthma: phenotype shaped by innate and adaptive immunity.
The many paths to asthma: phenotype shaped by innate and adaptive immunity.
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哮喘是一种以气道炎症和气道高反应性（AHR）为特征的非常复杂和异质性的疾病。哮喘的发病机制与环境因素、多种细胞类型以及多种分子和细胞途径有关。这些包括过敏性、非过敏性和内在途径，其涉及许多细胞类型和细胞因子。哮喘的动物模型有助于阐明哮喘的一些潜在机制，证明辅助性T细胞2型（TH2）驱动的过敏反应的重要性，以及非过敏和内在途径，并有助于理解哮喘的异质性。进一步研究哮喘的这些途径将大大增加对不同哮喘表型的理解，这些研究可能会为这一重要的公共卫生问题带来新的疗法。
Asthma is a very complex and heterogeneous disease that is characterized by airway inflammation and airway hyper-reactivity (AHR). The pathogenesis of asthma is associated with environmental factors, many cell types, and several molecular and cellular pathways. These include allergic, non-allergic and intrinsic pathways, which involve many cell types and cytokines. Animal models of asthma have helped to clarify some of the underlying mechanisms of asthma, demonstrating the importance of T helper type 2 (TH2)-driven allergic responses, as well as of the non-allergic and intrinsic pathways, and contributing to understanding of the heterogeneity of asthma. Further study of these many pathways to asthma will greatly increase understanding of the distinct asthma phenotypes, and such studies may lead to new therapies for this important public health problem.