Endemic ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from tank bromeliads (Bromeliaceae):: a combined morphological, molecular, and ecological study
Endemic ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from tank bromeliads (Bromeliaceae):: a combined morphological, molecular, and ecological study
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DOI：
10.1078/0932-4739-00005
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发表时间：
2003-12-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Hackstein, JHP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Foissner, W;Strüder-Kypke, M;Hackstein, JHP
凤梨科植物主要是附生莲座植物，仅发生在中美洲和南美洲。它们将雨水和颗粒物质收集在由合并的叶腋形成的水箱（水箱）中。这些水池在地面上方形成了一个广阔的、高度分隔的水和腐殖质体，并且栖息着许多普通和特有的生物。我们在来自多米尼加共和国、厄瓜多尔和巴西的约 15 种凤梨科植物的水箱中发现了至少 10 种新纤毛虫物种。由于有 2000-3000 种生活方式截然不同的凤梨科植物，因此它们可能含有数百种新的纤毛虫物种。这里描述的两个新物种是真正的“旗舰”，也就是说，它们的体型如此之大，如果它们在欧洲的话，就会在欧洲被发现。因此，这些物种的地理分布必定受到限制，从而反驳了微生物是世界性的这一古老假设。此外，这里描述的较小的纤毛虫代表了新的属和科，主张在生态限制和空间隔离的驱动下进行长期、独立的进化。几乎一半的新物种可以从食菌的小口动物转变为掠夺性的大型口动物生活方式，这可能是由于这些特殊栖息地的激烈竞争。小亚基 (18S) 核糖体 RNA (rRNA) 基因序列只能部分恢复罐凤梨纤毛虫的高度形态和生态多样性。
Bromeliads are mainly epiphytic rosette plants occurring only in Central and South America. They collect rain water and particulate materials in tanks (cisterns) formed by the coalescing leaf axils. These tanks form an extensive, highly compartmentalized water and humus body above the ground and are inhabited by many ordinary and endemic organisms. We discovered at least 10 new ciliate species in the tanks of about 15 bromelian species from the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, and Brazil. Since there are 2000-3000 bromelian species with very different lifestyles, they are likely to contain hundreds of novel ciliate species. Two of the new species described here are real "flagships", that is, they have such a large size that they would have been found in Europe, if they were there. Consequently, these species must have a restricted geographical distribution, disproving the old hypothesis that microscopic organisms are cosmopolitan. Also the smaller ciliates described here represent new genera and families, arguing for a long-lasting, independent evolution driven by ecological constraints and spatial isolation. Almost half of the new species can switch from bacteriophagous, microstome morphs to a predatory, macrostome lifestyle, likely due to the strong competition in these peculiar habitats. The high morphological and ecological diversity of tank bromeliad ciliates is only partially recovered by small-subunit (18S) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences.