Thinking outside the box: A new perspective on diet breadth and sexual division of labor in the Prearchaic Great Basin
Thinking outside the box: A new perspective on diet breadth and sexual division of labor in the Prearchaic Great Basin
复制标题
跳出框框思考：关于史前大盆地饮食广度和性别分工的新视角
作者：
R. Elston;D. Zeanah
更新世/全新世过渡（PHT）的考古记录表明，前古狩猎采集者的技术和流动性与后来的全新世采集者有很大不同，这表明他们以狩猎为导向的生存方式。然而，微薄的 PHT 动物群意味着普遍的、广谱的饮食。民族志类比无法提供理解这种差异的行为框架，因为 PHT 的资源结构与民族志现在的资源结构完全不同。如果不了解灭绝资源景观中的觅食成本，仅靠古环境数据就无法追溯古代饮食。本文回顾了最近使用行为生态学作为模拟 PHT 资源景观中觅食行为的理论框架的研究。内华达州铁路谷的模拟表明，PHT 记录中生存遗迹多样性的解释在于男性和女性的不同觅食策略，而不仅仅是风险规避。此外，模拟表明，前古狩猎采集者的饮食范围比后来的采集者更窄，从而促进了 PHT 考古记录中显示的流动性和技术概况。
The archaeological record of the Pleistocene/Holocene transition (PHT) demonstrates that the technology and mobility of Prearchaic hunter-gatherers differed dramatically from later Holocene foragers, suggesting a hunting-oriented subsistence. However, meager PHT faunal assemblages imply a generalized, broad-spectrum diet. Ethnographic analogy fails to provide a behavioral framework for understanding this discrepancy because the resource structure of the PHT differed utterly from the ethnographic present. Palaeoenvironmental data alone are incapable of retrodicting ancient diets without an understanding of foraging costs in extinct resource landscapes. This paper reviews recent studies using behavioral ecology as a theoretical framework for simulating foraging behavior in a PHT resource landscape. The simulation for Railroad Valley, Nevada, suggests the explanation for the diversity of subsistence remains in PHT records lies in different foraging strategies for men and women, rather than risk aversion alone. Furthermore, the simulation suggests that Prearchaic hunter-gatherers enjoyed a narrower diet breadth than later foragers, prompting the mobility and technological profiles evinced in the PHT archaeological record.