CRISPR-Cas systems target endogenous genes to impact bacterial physiology and alter mammalian immune responses.
CRISPR-Cas systems target endogenous genes to impact bacterial physiology and alter mammalian immune responses.
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CRISPR-Cas 系统以内源基因为目标，影响细菌生理学并改变哺乳动物的免疫反应。
DOI：
10.1186/s43556-022-00084-1
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发表时间：
2022-07-20
影响因子：
4
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CRISPR-Cas系统是一种广泛存在于古细菌和细菌中的免疫防御机制，可抵抗入侵噬菌体或外来遗传元件。在过去的十年中，得益于基础细菌研究的前所未有的发现，CRISPR-Cas系统已成为农业（植物工程）、生物技术和人类健康（例如癌症和遗传疾病的诊断和治疗）的领先基因编辑工具。然而，CRISPR系统的功能复杂性远远超出了最初的免疫防御范围。 CRISPR-Cas系统涉及影响生理学和毒力基因的表达，并随后改变细菌生物膜的形成、耐药性、侵袭能力以及细菌自身的生理特征。此外，越来越多的证据支持细菌 CRISPR-Cas 系统可能通过靶向内源基因（尤其是与毒力相关的基因）来有趣地影响哺乳动物的免疫反应。然而，不幸的是，它们的基本机制在很大程度上尚不清楚。然而，细菌 CRISPR-Cas 系统与真核细胞之间的相互作用非常复杂，存在许多谜团，需要进一步的研究工作。在这里，我们总结了 CRISPR-Cas 的非经典功能，这些功能可能影响细菌生理学、致病性、抗菌素耐药性，从而改变哺乳动物免疫反应的过程。
CRISPR-Cas systems are an immune defense mechanism that is widespread in archaea and bacteria against invasive phages or foreign genetic elements. In the last decade, CRISPR-Cas systems have been a leading gene-editing tool for agriculture (plant engineering), biotechnology, and human health (e.g., diagnosis and treatment of cancers and genetic diseases), benefitted from unprecedented discoveries of basic bacterial research. However, the functional complexity of CRISPR systems is far beyond the original scope of immune defense. CRISPR-Cas systems are implicated in influencing the expression of physiology and virulence genes and subsequently altering the formation of bacterial biofilm, drug resistance, invasive potency as well as bacterial own physiological characteristics. Moreover, increasing evidence supports that bacterial CRISPR-Cas systems might intriguingly influence mammalian immune responses through targeting endogenous genes, especially those relating to virulence; however, unfortunately, their underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. Nevertheless, the interaction between bacterial CRISPR-Cas systems and eukaryotic cells is complex with numerous mysteries that necessitate further investigation efforts. Here, we summarize the non-canonical functions of CRISPR-Cas that potentially impact bacterial physiology, pathogenicity, antimicrobial resistance, and thereby altering the courses of mammalian immune responses.