403 Forbidden: A Global View of CDN Geoblocking
403 Forbidden: A Global View of CDN Geoblocking
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403 Forbidden：CDN 地理封锁的全球视角
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Roya Ensafi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Allison McDonald;Matthew Bernhard;Luke Valenta;Benjamin VanderSloot;W. Scott;N. Sullivan;J. A. Halderman;Roya Ensafi
我们报告了服务器端地理限制或地理阻塞的第一次大规模测量研究，这是一种服务器运营商故意拒绝来自特定国家或地区的用户访问的现象。由于法律要求或其他商业原因，许多网站都实行了地理封锁，但过度的屏蔽可能会不必要地拒绝向全国人民提供有价值的内容和服务。为了帮助研究人员和政策制定者理解这一现象，我们开发了一个半自动系统来检测由于地理阻塞而导致整个网站无法访问的情况。通过专注于检测大型CDN和云提供商提供的地理阻塞能力，我们可以可靠地将这种做法与动态反滥用机制和基于网络的审查区分开来。我们应用我们的技术在177个国家和地区的数千个有利地点对Alexa排名前10K的站点进行地理区块测试。然后，我们将我们的测量扩展到Alexa Top 1M中的CDN客户样本。我们发现，地理阻塞发生在广泛的国家和地点。我们观察到我们研究的几乎所有国家都存在地理阻塞，其中伊朗、叙利亚、苏丹、古巴和俄罗斯的地理阻塞发生率最高。这些国家的金融和银行网站的地理封闭率特别高，这可能是美国经济制裁的结果。我们还用Cloudflare提供的数据验证了我们的测量结果，并发现我们的观测结果是准确的。
We report the first wide-scale measurement study of server-side geographic restriction, or geoblocking, a phenomenon in which server operators intentionally deny access to users from particular countries or regions. Many sites practice geoblocking due to legal requirements or other business reasons, but excessive blocking can needlessly deny valuable content and services to entire national populations. To help researchers and policymakers understand this phenomenon, we develop a semi-automated system to detect instances where whole websites were rendered inaccessible due to geoblocking. By focusing on detecting geoblocking capabilities offered by large CDNs and cloud providers, we can reliably distinguish the practice from dynamic anti-abuse mechanisms and network-based censorship. We apply our techniques to test for geoblocking across the Alexa Top 10K sites from thousands of vantage points in 177 countries. We then expand our measurement to a sample of CDN customers in the Alexa Top 1M. We find that geoblocking occurs across a broad set of countries and sites. We observe geoblocking in nearly all countries we study, with Iran, Syria, Sudan, Cuba, and Russia experiencing the highest rates. These countries experience particularly high rates of geoblocking for finance and banking sites, likely as a result of U.S. economic sanctions. We also verify our measurements with data provided by Cloudflare, and find our observations to be accurate.
影响因子：
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作者：
Sheharbano Khattak;T. Elahi;Laurent Simon;C. Swanson;S. Murdoch;I. Goldberg
通讯作者：
Sheharbano Khattak;T. Elahi;Laurent Simon;C. Swanson;S. Murdoch;I. Goldberg