Elementary gravity and magnetics for geologists and seismologists
Elementary gravity and magnetics for geologists and seismologists
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DOI：
10.1190/1.9781560802433
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发表时间：
1971
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. L. Nettleton-L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. L. Nettleton-L.
本文综述了重磁勘探方法在油气勘探中的应用。这本书不是为重力和磁力专家设计的，而是为地质学家和地震学家设计的，他们可能对这些方法在整个勘探图中的应用没有透彻的理解。这本专著的副标题很可能是“其他五个百分点”。这是因为地震方法及其相关的数据处理占石油勘探费用的95%，因此无论重力和磁力方法的应用如何，都要占另外5%。这并不意味着这些方法对整个勘探工作的贡献很小。由于该领域的进展速度相对较快，特别是通过航空磁性。重力和磁力测量所覆盖的总面积可能大于更大的地震勘探所覆盖的面积。这是一个非常粗略的经验法则，单位面积的磁场、重力场和地震场的相对成本与数据处理成本之比为1：10：100。本专著的希望和目的是更好地评价潜在方法的价值和理解它们的应用，使它们能够以适当的视角应用于整个勘探图景。从1920年代石油工业中的地球物理勘探开始，使用了三个基本物理原理：即，磁场微小变化的测量，引力场微小变化的测量，以及弹性波在地球中的传播。这三个，也只有这三个物理学原理，是迄今为止几乎所有地球物理学工作的基础。许多其他的方法也被设想出来，并以有限的方式在实地进行了尝试，但没有一种方法能坚持到实地作业的规模完全可以与上面列出的三种主要方法相媲美的程度。当然，地震法与地质学的关系通常比潜在方法直接得多。选带或层位往往与地层直接相关，并能给出其深度和形态的相对定量。
The purpose of this work is a general review of the gravity and magnetic nlethodsods of geophysicael xplorationa s applied in the search for petroleum. This material is not designed for the gravity and magnetic specialistb ut rather lo)r the geologistsa nd seismologistwsh o may not have a thorough appreciation of the applications of these metht)ds in the overall expl()ration picture. A subtitlc for this monograph might well be "-l'hc Other Five Percerot." This is because the seismic method and its associated data processing account for sornc 95 percent of the total expenditures Ik)r petroleum exploration geophysicss o that whatever application is made of the gravity and magnetic noethods comes out of the other 5 percent. This does not mean that these methods make a proportionately small contribution to the overall exploration effort. Because of the relatively rapid rate of progress in the field, particularly by airborne magnetics. the total area covered by gravity and magnetic surveys may bc greater than that covered by the much greater seismic expendituresA. s a very rough rule-ofthumb, the relative cost per unit area of magneticg, ravity and seismicf ield work with data processings tand in the ratio of I to 10 to 100. It is the hope and purposeo f this monographth at a better appreciatioonf the valueo f the potential methods and understanding of their applicationsm ay be broughta bouts t) that they can be applied with proper perspective in the overall exploration picture. From the beginning of geophysical exploration in the petroleum industry in the 192()'s, three basic physical principles were used: i.e., the measurement of small variations in the magnetic field, the measurement of small variations in the gravitational field, and the propagation of elastic waves through the earth. These three and only these three physical principles are the basis for practically all of the geophysical work up to the present time. Many other methods have been conceived and tried in the field in a limited way, but none has persisted to the extent that field operations are carried out n a scale at all comparable with that of the three primary methods listed above. The seismic method, of course, usually is much more direct in its relation to the geologyt han the potentialm ethodsR. etlection zones or horizons frequently are directly correlative with geologic strata and give relativelya ccuratem easureosf their depth and form.