Novel insights into the evolution of social parasitism revealed by a global phylogeny of Formica ants
Novel insights into the evolution of social parasitism revealed by a global phylogeny of Formica ants
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福米卡蚁的全球系统发育揭示了对社会寄生进化的新见解
DOI：
10.1101/2020.12.17.423324
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Rabeling, C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borowiec, M.L.;Cover, S.P.;Rabeling, C.
研究从合作性、群居性生活史到剥削性社会寄生性生活史的行为和生活史，可以解释行为和社会组织变化导致多样化的条件。全北极蚁属Formica非常适合研究社会寄生的进化，因为它的172个物种中有一半被证实或怀疑是社会寄生虫，其中包括已知的蚂蚁中所有三种主要的社会寄生类型。然而，与该属的社会寄生进化相关的生活史转变在很大程度上尚未被探索。为了验证关于社会寄生起源和进化的竞争性假设，我们重建了蚁群的全球系统发育。该属起源于约30万年前的旧大陆，并多次分散到新大陆并返回。在福美卡虫中，强制性依赖的殖民地建立行为起源于兼性一夫多妻制的共同祖先，他们实行独立和兼性依赖的殖民地建立。暂时的社会寄生可能在专性依赖的群体建立之前或同时出现，而在专性依赖的群体建立进化支系中，二重性社会寄生进化了一次。永久社会寄生从很少进行群体萌芽的临时社会寄生祖先进化了两次，表明专性社会寄生可以起源于社会多态生物的兼性寄生背景。与其他属的永久社会性寄生蚂蚁相比，Formica的高寄生虫多样性可能起源于异域物种形成，突出了趋同进化轨迹的多样性，导致几乎相同的寄生生活史综合征。幼虫寄生Emery’s rule Emery’s rule蚁科幼虫寄生昆虫这种复杂的群居昆虫群落很容易受到群居寄生虫的利用，这些寄生虫依赖寄主群体的生存和繁殖，而不参与群体的维护和幼虫的照料（1-4）。群居寄生在全社会膜翅目昆虫中很常见，并在远亲谱系中独立进化，包括蜜蜂、黄蜂和蚂蚁（3-8）。许多关于群居寄生的研究都集中在群居昆虫群体中合作和冲突的进化以及宿主和寄生虫之间共同进化的军备竞赛动力学（9-12）。然而，群居寄生的进化起源和导致物种形成的共同进化因素，从而促进了真群居昆虫中群居寄生虫物种的高度多样性，这些都不是很清楚（13,14）。社会性寄生虫的比较进化研究是有希望的，因为它们有望提供与从合作性社会性到剥削性社会性寄生虫的行为变化相关的条件，以及生活史转变对物种形成和生物多样化的影响。
Studying the behavioral and life history transitions from a cooperative, eusocial life history to exploitative social parasitism allows for deciphering the conditions under which changes in behavior and social organization lead to diversification. The Holarctic ant genus Formica is ideally suited for studying the evolution of social parasitism because half of its 172 species are confirmed or suspected social parasites, which includes all three major classes of social parasitism known in ants. However, the life history transitions associated with the evolution of social parasitism in this genus are largely unexplored. To test competing hypotheses regarding the origins and evolution of social parasitism, we reconstructed a global phylogeny of Formica ants. The genus originated in the Old World∼ 30 Ma ago and dispersed multiple times to the New World and back. Within Formica, obligate dependent colony-founding behavior arose once from a facultatively polygynous common ancestor practicing independent and facultative dependent colony foundation. Temporary social parasitism likely preceded or arose concurrently with obligate dependent colony founding, and dulotic social parasitism evolved once within the obligate dependent colony-founding clade. Permanent social parasitism evolved twice from temporary social parasitic ancestors that rarely practiced colony budding, demonstrating that obligate social parasitism can originate from a facultative parasitic background in socially polymorphic organisms. In contrast to permanently socially parasitic ants in other genera, the high parasite diversity in Formica likely originated via allopatric speciation, highlighting the diversity of convergent evolutionary trajectories resulting in nearly identical parasitic life history syndromes. brood parasitism| dulosis| Emery’s rule| Formicidae| inquilinismThe complex societies of eusocial insects are vulnerable to exploitation by social parasites that depend on their host colonies for survival and reproduction without contributing to colony maintenance and brood care (1–4). Social parasitism is common among eusocial Hymenoptera and evolved independently in distantly related lineages, including bees, wasps, and ants (3–8). Many studies on social parasitism have focused on the evolution of cooperation and conflict in colonies of eusocial insects and on coevolutionary arms race dynamics between hosts and parasites (9–12). However, the evolutionary origins of social parasitism and the coevolutionary factors causing speciation and thereby contributing to the high diversity of social parasite species in eusocial insects are not well understood (13, 14). Comparative evolutionary studies of social parasites are promising, because they are expected to provide insights into the conditions associated with a behavioral change from cooperative eusociality to exploitative social parasitism as well as into the consequences of the life history transitions on speciation and biological diversification.