Adaptation to cold in arctic and tropical mammals and birds in relation to body temperature, insulation, and basal metabolic rate.
Adaptation to cold in arctic and tropical mammals and birds in relation to body temperature, insulation, and basal metabolic rate.
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北极和热带哺乳动物和鸟类对寒冷的适应与体温、隔热和基础代谢率有关。
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发表时间：
1950
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. Irving
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. F. Scholander;R. Hock;V. Walters;L. Irving
恒温动物维持恒定体温取决于产热和散热之间的平衡，因此气候适应可能有三种主要途径：（1）通过身体与空气的梯度，（2）通过散热，（3）通过代谢率。没有证据表明北极哺乳动物和鸟类适应性低体温，或热带哺乳动物和鸟类适应性高体温。身体与空气的梯度只能通过行为温度调节（筑巢、避免阳光直射等）来适应。除了少数例外，我们成年的北极和热带哺乳动物和鸟类的基础代谢率符合标准的小鼠到大象曲线，即基础代谢率由与体型的指数关系决定；显然对于大多数动物（无论是否是温血动物）来说都是至关重要的。因此，基础代谢率不受温度梯度和隔热等很大程度上决定热量损失的因素的影响，因此...
Maintenance of constant body temperature in a homoiothermic animal depends upon a balance between heat production and heat dissipation, and there are consequently three possible main avenues for climatic adaptation, (1) by body-to-air gradient, (2) by heat dissipation, and (3) by metabolic rate. There is no evidence of adaptive low body temperature in arctic mammals and birds, or high body temperature in tropical mammals and birds. The body-to-air gradient can be adapted only by means of behavioral thermoregulation (nest building, avoidance of direct sunshine, etc.). With few exceptions our adult arctic and tropical mammals and birds have a basal metabolic rate that fits the standard mouse to elephant curve, i.e., the basal metabolic rate is determined by an exponential relation to size; evidently fundamental to most animals, warm-blooded or not. The basal metabolic rate is consequently not influenced by such factors as temperature gradient and insulation which largely determine the heat loss, and is henc...