Origin of the mysterious Yin-Shang bronzes in China indicated by lead isotopes.
Origin of the mysterious Yin-Shang bronzes in China indicated by lead isotopes.
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铅同位素指示的中国神秘的阴阳古铜色的起源。
DOI：
10.1038/srep23304
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发表时间：
2016-03-18
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Zhang ZF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sun WD;Zhang LP;Guo J;Li CY;Jiang YH;Zartman RE;Zhang ZF
公元前1400年左右，在黄河冲积平原上突然出现了含有令人困惑的高放射性同位素组成的铅的殷商青铜器。铜矿峪铜存款矿床铅同位素组成比殷商青铜器的铅同位素组成更分散、更放射性。殷商青铜器多为铅含量较高的锡铜合金。然而，铅和锡的含量较低，加上附近一个古代冶炼场所青铜器的放射性铅同位素较少，铜矿峪不可能成为殷商青铜器的唯一供应者。有趣的是，在非洲发现的锡锭/锡球和青铜器也具有高度放射性的铅同位素，但这些非洲青铜器如何被运到中国仍然是个谜。尽管如此，这些非洲青铜器是迄今为止中国以外报道的唯一具有与殷商青铜器相似的铅同位素的青铜器。所有这些放射性成因铅同位素都沿沿着~2.0-2.5 Ga等时线分布，表明太古代花岗岩周围的沉积物是最有可能的来源。尼罗河沿着的非洲沙丘，甚至撒哈拉沙漠的微型沙丘，都可能有类似的铅特征。这些地方可能是古代文明的入口，因此是青铜器最有利的供应商。
Fine Yin-Shang bronzes containing lead with puzzlingly highly radiogenic isotopic compositions appeared suddenly in the alluvial plain of the Yellow River around 1400 BC. The Tongkuangyu copper deposit in central China is known to have lead isotopic compositions even more radiogenic and scattered than those of the Yin-Shang bronzes. Most of the Yin-Shang bronzes are tin-copper alloys with high lead contents. The low lead and tin concentrations, together with the less radiogenic lead isotopes of bronzes in an ancient smelting site nearby, however, exclude Tongkuangyu as the sole supplier of the Yin-Shang bronzes. Interestingly, tin ingots/prills and bronzes found in Africa also have highly radiogenic lead isotopes, but it remains mysterious as to how such African bronzes may have been transported to China. Nevertheless, these African bronzes are the only bronzes outside China so far reported that have lead isotopes similar to those of the Yin-Shang bronzes. All these radiogenic lead isotopes plot along ~2.0–2.5 Ga isochron lines, implying that deposits around Archean cratons are the most likely candidates for the sources. African cratons along the Nile and even micro-cratons in the Sahara desert may have similar lead signatures. These places were probably accessible by ancient civilizations, and thus are the most favorable suppliers of the bronzes.