Assessing Location and Scale of Urban Nonpotable Water Reuse Systems for Life-Cycle Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
Assessing Location and Scale of Urban Nonpotable Water Reuse Systems for Life-Cycle Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
复制标题
评估城市非饮用水再利用系统的位置和规模，以了解生命周期能源消耗和温室气体排放。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
K. Nelson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Olga Kavvada;A. Horvath;Jennifer R Stokes;T. Hendrickson;W. Eisenstein;K. Nelson
非饮用水再利用（NPR）是保护宝贵淡水资源的一种选择。分散化可以通过将治疗地点设在离消费者更近的地方来提高分配系统的效率；然而，小型处理系统可能具有更高的单位能量和温室气体（GHG）排放量。本研究利用生命周期方法探讨了住宅非公有制经济系统之间的权衡，以分析能源使用和温室气体排放。对分散式和集中式NPR方案进行比较，以确定在各种规模、空间和人口条件下，分散式系统在哪些方面比集中式再利用方案更具有环境优势，反之亦然。对于远离集中式处理厂的高海拔地区，分散式NPR可以降低29%的能源使用和28%的温室气体排放，但在靠近集中式处理厂的低海拔地区，对于评估的规模（20-2000 m3/天），分散式再利用可以提高85%（能源）和49%（温室气体排放）。处理过程产生的直接温室气体排放具有高度的不确定性和可变性，因此未包括在分析中。所提出的框架可以作为规划支持工具，揭示将分散式NPR与现有集中式废水基础设施整合对环境的影响，并可用于评估不同的处理技术规模以进行再利用。
Nonpotable water reuse (NPR) is one option for conserving valuable freshwater resources. Decentralization can improve distribution system efficiency by locating treatment closer to the consumer; however, small treatment systems may have higher unit energy and greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. This research explored the trade-off between residential NPR systems using a life-cycle approach to analyze the energy use and GHG emissions. Decentralized and centralized NPR options are compared to identify where decentralized systems achieve environmental advantages over centralized reuse alternatives, and vice versa, over a range of scales and spatial and demographic conditions. For high-elevation areas far from the centralized treatment plant, decentralized NPR could lower energy use by 29% and GHG emissions by 28%, but in low-elevation areas close to the centralized treatment plant, decentralized reuse could be higher by up to 85% (energy) and 49% (GHG emissions) for the scales assessed (20-2000 m3/day). Direct GHG emissions from the treatment processes were found to be highly uncertain and variable and were not included in the analysis. The framework presented can be used as a planning support tool to reveal the environmental impacts of integrating decentralized NPR with existing centralized wastewater infrastructure and can be adapted to evaluate different treatment technology scales for reuse.