''Sensitivity'' and ''specificity'' reconsidered: The meaning of these terms in analytical and diagnostic settings
''Sensitivity'' and ''specificity'' reconsidered: The meaning of these terms in analytical and diagnostic settings
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DOI：
10.7326/0003-4819-126-1-199701010-00026
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发表时间：
1997-01-01
影响因子：
39.2
通讯作者：
Hoover, DR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saah, AJ;Hoover, DR
对“敏感性”和“特异性”这两个术语的不准确使用，会使复杂的实验室检测结果的诊断用途产生混乱。“分析灵敏度”表示样品中可以通过化验准确测量的最小物质数量。“分析特异性”指的是化验方法测量样品中一种特定的有机体或物质，而不是其他物质的能力。分析灵敏度和分析特异度与临床诊断灵敏度和诊断特异度不同。‘’诊断敏感度‘’是有某种疾病的人的百分比，这些人被检测确定为该疾病的阳性。高的分析灵敏度并不能保证可接受的诊断灵敏度。‘’诊断特异性‘’是没有特定疾病的人的百分比，这些人被检测确定为该疾病的阴性。假阳性反应是由于样品污染而发生的，降低了检测的诊断特异性。术语“敏感性”和“特异性”应与必要的形容词一起使用，因为这些术语的“诊断性”和“分析性”的含义非常不同。
Imprecise usage of the terms ''sensitivity'' and ''specificity'' produces confusion in the diagnostic use of sophisticated laboratory test results. ''Analytical sensitivity'' represents the smallest amount of substance in a sample that can accurately be measured by an assay. ''Analytical specificity'' refers to the ability of an assay to measure one particular organism or substance, rather than others, in a sample. An assay's analytical sensitivity and analytical specificity are distinct from that assay's clinical diagnostic sensitivity and diagnostic specificity. ''Diagnostic sensitivity'' is the percentage of persons who have a given disorder who are identified by the assay as positive for the disorder. High analytical sensitivity does not guarantee acceptable diagnostic sensitivity. ''Diagnostic specificity'' is the percentage of persons who do not have a given condition who are identified by the assay as negative for the condition. False-positive reactions occur because of sample contamination and diminish the diagnostic specificity of the assay. The terms ''sensitivity'' and ''specificity'' should be used with the requisite adjectives because the ''diagnostic'' and the ''analytical'' meanings of these terms are very different.