What is... cyclic sieving

What is... cyclic sieving
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什么是...循环筛分

DOI:
10.1090/noti1084
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
J. Propp
J. Propp
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
David M. Einstein;J. Propp

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组合数学中的许多有限集既具有循环对称性,又具有自然生成函数。令人惊讶的是,在单位根处计算的生成函数经常计算对称类。我们称之为循环筛选现象。更精确地说,设C是一个由一个n阶元素c作用在有限集合X上生成的循环群。给定一个多项式X(q),其系数为整数,q为变量,如果对于所有整数d,由c固定的元素个数等于求值X(n),则三元组(X,X(q),C)表现出循环筛分现象(CSP),其中n = e 2π in。特别地,X(1)是X的基数,因此X(q)可以被认为是X的生成函数。在原型示例中,X是{1,2,. . .,n},并且X(q)是著名的q-二项式系数或高斯多项式
Many finite sets in combinatorics have both cyclic symmetry and a natural generating function. Surprisingly often the generating function evaluated at roots of unity counts symmetry classes. We call this the cyclic sieving phenomenon. More precisely, let C be a cyclic group generated by an element c of order n acting on a finite set X . Given a polynomial X(q) with integer coefficients in a variable q, say that the triple (X,X(q), C) exhibits the cyclic sieving phenomenon (CSP) if for all integers d, the number of elements fixed by c equals the evaluation X(ζ) where ζ = e 2πi n . In particular, X(1) is the cardinality of X , so that X(q) can be regarded as a generating function for X . In the proto-example,X is the collection of all k-elements subsets of {1, 2, . . . , n}, and X(q) is the renowned q-binomial coefficient or Gaussian polynomial