Neonicotinoids target distinct nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and neurons, leading to differential risks to bumblebees.
Neonicotinoids target distinct nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and neurons, leading to differential risks to bumblebees.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/srep24764
复制
发表时间：
2016-04-28
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Connolly CN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moffat C;Buckland ST;Samson AJ;McArthur R;Chamosa Pino V;Bollan KA;Huang JT;Connolly CN
人们越来越关注新烟碱类杀虫剂对蜜蜂种群的风险，以及传粉昆虫数量减少对基本生态系统服务和粮食安全的长期影响。我们对新烟碱类药物对蜜蜂的危害的认识是基于对吡虫啉和噻虫嗪的研究，这些发现是基于噻虫胺对烟碱乙酰胆碱受体的更高效力而推断出来的。本研究解决了所有三种新烟碱类杀虫剂的特异性和后果，以确定它们在田间相关水平（2.5 ppb）下对大黄蜂的相对风险。我们发现化合物在各个层面（单个细胞、蜜蜂和半农田条件下的整个菌落）都有特定的影响。吡虫啉和噻虫胺显示出不同的，重叠的，刺激肯扬细胞的能力，表明不同的影响大黄蜂行为的潜力。只有吡虫啉才会引起蜜蜂不动，而对噻虫胺毒性的脆弱性增加只会在长期暴露于噻虫胺或噻虫嗪后发生。在整个蜂群水平上，只有噻虫嗪改变了蜂群的性别比（雄蜂数量增加），只有噻虫胺增加了蜂王数量。最后，吡虫啉和噻虫嗪均引起菌落强度下降，而噻虫胺未观察到有害影响。鉴于这些发现，需要单独考虑每种化合物和目标物种的新烟碱类风险。
There is growing concern over the risk to bee populations from neonicotinoid insecticides and the long-term consequences of reduced numbers of insect pollinators to essential ecosystem services and food security. Our knowledge of the risk of neonicotinoids to bees is based on studies of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam and these findings are extrapolated to clothianidin based on its higher potency at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. This study addresses the specificity and consequences of all three neonicotinoids to determine their relative risk to bumblebees at field-relevant levels (2.5 ppb). We find compound-specific effects at all levels (individual cells, bees and whole colonies in semi-field conditions). Imidacloprid and clothianidin display distinct, overlapping, abilities to stimulate Kenyon cells, indicating the potential to differentially influence bumblebee behavior. Bee immobility was induced only by imidacloprid, and an increased vulnerability to clothianidin toxicity only occurred following chronic exposure to clothianidin or thiamethoxam. At the whole colony level, only thiamethoxam altered the sex ratio (more males present) and only clothianidin increased queen production. Finally, both imidacloprid and thiamethoxam caused deficits in colony strength, while no detrimental effects of clothianidin were observed. Given these findings, neonicotinoid risk needs to be considered independently for each compound and target species.