Short-term associations between objective crime, park-use, and park-based physical activity in low-income neighborhoods
Short-term associations between objective crime, park-use, and park-based physical activity in low-income neighborhoods
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.05.023
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发表时间：
2019-09-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Floyd, Myron F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marquet, Oriol;Hipp, J. Aaron;Floyd, Myron F.
犯罪和安全观念通常被认为是公园使用和身体活动的障碍。鉴于公园作为户外娱乐和体育活动场所的重要性，犯罪的存在可能对公共健康产生有害影响。本研究使用客观的警察犯罪报告和观察公园使用数据，以评估犯罪类型和犯罪发生的时间对公园使用者行为的影响，在20个公园位于纽约市低收入社区。在2017年春季的78次公园访问中，使用观察社区游戏和娱乐系统（SOPARC）来评估公园使用者的数量及其身体活动。使用两种类型的犯罪（暴力和财产犯罪）评估犯罪率和公园使用之间的关联。犯罪的时间是使用在访问公园前一周、一个月和三个月内犯下的罪行来评估的。通过将犯罪的客观衡量标准与犯罪发生的确切时间结合起来，我们能够分析犯罪对公园行为的短期和长期影响。总的来说，犯罪和公园使用之间一直存在负相关。这种关系在1个月和3个月期间较强，在1周期间较弱。暴力犯罪与较低的公园使用率密切相关，犯罪被证明与儿童公园的使用在更大程度上。女孩比男孩更容易受到犯罪的影响。
Crime and safety perceptions are commonly cited barriers to park use and physical activity (PA). Given the importance of parks as settings for outdoor recreation and physical activity, the presence of crime may have a detrimental effect on public health. This study uses objective police crime reports and observational park use data to assess type of crime and the time when the crime was committed effects on park user behaviors in 20 parks located in low-income neighborhoods in New York City. The System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) was used to assess the number of park users and their physical activity during 78 park visits in Spring 2017. The association between crime rates and park use was assessed using two types of crimes (violent and property crimes). The timing of the crime was assessed using the crimes committed within periods of one week, one month, and three months prior to the visit to the park. By including objective measures of crime together with the exact time on which they were committed, we were able to analyze the short and long term effects of crime on park behavior. Overall, there was a consistent negative association between crime and park use. This relationship was stronger at the 1 month and 3 months' period and weaker at the 1-week period. Violent crimes were strongly associated with lower park use, and crimes proved to be associated with child park use to a greater degree. Girls were more affected by crime than boys.