Production of Cow's Milk Free from Beta-Casein A1 and Its Application in the Manufacturing of Specialized Foods for Early Infant Nutrition.
Production of Cow's Milk Free from Beta-Casein A1 and Its Application in the Manufacturing of Specialized Foods for Early Infant Nutrition.
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DOI：
10.3390/foods6070050
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发表时间：
2017-07-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rosado JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duarte-Vázquez MÁ;García-Ugalde C;Villegas-Gutiérrez LM;García-Almendárez BE;Rosado JL
在牛奶中，β-酪蛋白(BC)通常以BC A2和BC A1的形式表达。BC A1的胃肠道消化导致阿片肽β-酪啡肽7(BCM7)的释放，而BC A2不太可能发生这种情况。本研究的目的是用转基因泽西奶牛Csn2 A2A2生产不含BC A1的含BC A2的牛奶(BC A2奶)。此外，我们的目标是开发一种基于BC A2牛奶的婴儿配方奶粉(IF)，适用于生命前六个月的健康足月婴儿。经模拟胃肠消化(SGID)后，测定BC A2 IF、市售IF、人乳和原料奶中BCM7的释放浓度。BC A2的平均相对丰度最低(IF 1=0.136±0.010)，而三种商品化IF的平均相对丰度(IF 2=0.597±0.020；IF 3=0.441±0.014；IF 4=0.503±0.011)。因此，从BC A2中提取的整个酪蛋白组分的SGID IF导致BCM7的释放量(IF 1=0.860±0.014微克/100毫升)显著低于市售的IF(IF 2=2.625±0.042微克/100毫升；IF 3=1.693±0.012微克/100毫升；IF 4=1.962±0.067微克/100毫升)。然而，BC A2 IF中的BCM7含量显著高于BC A2原料奶的SGID水解物中的BCM7含量(0.742±0.008微克/100mL)。有趣的是，结果显示，母乳中BCM7的含量(0.697±0.007微克/100mL)也明显低于IF1和BC A2牛奶中的含量。这项工作表明，在IF配方中使用BC A2牛奶可以显著减少SGID期间BCM7的形成。BC A2 IF对早期婴儿健康和发育的临床意义有待进一步研究。
Beta-casein (BC) is frequently expressed as BC A2 and BC A1 in cow’s milk. Gastrointestinal digestion of BC A1 results in the release of the opioid peptide beta-casomorphin 7 (BCM7) which is less likely to occur from BC A2. This work was aimed to produce milk containing BC A2 with no BC A1 (BC A2 milk) using genetically selected CSN2 A2A2 Jersey cows. Additionally, we aimed to develop an infant formula (IF) suitable for healthy full-term infants during the first six months of life based on BC A2 milk. The concentration of BCM7 released from BC A2 IF, from commercially available IFs as well as from human milk and raw cow’s milk was evaluated after simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID). BC A2 IF presented the lowest mean relative abundance of BC A1 (IF 1 = 0.136 ± 0.010), compared with three commercially available IFs (IF 2 = 0.597 ± 0.020; IF 3 = 0.441 ± 0.014; IF 4 = 0.503 ± 0.011). Accordingly, SGID of whole casein fraction from BC A2 IF resulted in a significantly lower release of BCM7 (IF 1 = 0.860 ± 0.014 µg/100 mL) compared to commercially available IFs (IF 2 = 2.625 ± 0.042 µg/100 mL; IF 3 = 1.693 ± 0.012 µg/100 mL; IF 4 = 1.962 ± 0.067 µg/100 mL). Nevertheless, BCM7 levels from BC A2 IF were significantly higher than those found in SGID hydrolysates of BC A2 raw milk (0.742 ± 0.008 µg/100 mL). Interestingly, results showed that BCM7 was also present in human milk in significantly lower amounts (0.697 ± 0.007 µg/100 mL) than those observed in IF 1 and BC A2 milk. This work demonstrates that using BC A2 milk in IF formulation significantly reduces BCM7 formation during SGID. Clinical implications of BC A2 IF on early infant health and development need further investigations.
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DOI：
10.3109/09637486.2011.634785
发表时间：
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影响因子：
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