STATISTICS OF ATOMIC FREQUENCY STANDARDS
STATISTICS OF ATOMIC FREQUENCY STANDARDS
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DOI：
10.1109/proc.1966.4634
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发表时间：
1966-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
ALLAN, DW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ALLAN, DW
本文提出了一种理论上的发展，它导致任何有限数量的数据样本的频率波动的标准偏差的期望值和标准偏差的无限时间平均值之间的关系，这提供了一个不变的测量的一个重要的品质因数的频率标准。一个实用的和直接的方法，确定的频率波动的功率谱密度的频率波动的方差，采样时间，采样的数量，并依赖于系统带宽也被开发。此外，还对由于存在“闪烁噪声”（频谱正比于|ω|-1）振荡器频率的调制。本文应用该理论对美国国家标准局（NBS）博尔德实验室（Boulder Laboratories）提供的频率标准信号中的噪声类型进行了分类。S.频率标准和铷气体电池。取样时间从0.1秒到4小时，脉泽信号上没有观察到“闪烁噪声”频率调制。在NBS氢脉泽和NBS III铯束之间的比较中，在采样时间延长至4小时的频率波动上观察到不相关的随机噪声;频率波动的分数标准偏差低至5分之1014。
A theoretical development is presented which results in a relationship between the expectation value of the standard deviation of the frequency fluctuations for any finite number of data samples and the infinite time average value of the standard deviation, which provides an invariant measure of an important quality factor of a frequency standard. A practical and straightforward method of determining the power spectral density of the frequency fluctuations from the variance of the frequency fluctuations, the sampling time, the number of samples taken, and the dependence on system bandwidth is also developed. Additional insight is also given into some of the problems that arise from the presence of "flicker noise" (spectrum proportional to |ω|-1) modulation of the frequency of an oscillator. The theory is applied in classifying the types of noise on the signals of frequency standards made available at NBS, Boulder Laboratories, such as: masers (both H and N15H3), the cesium beam frequency standard employed as the U. S. Frequency Standard, and rubidium gas cells. "Flicker noise" frequency modulation was not observed on the signals of masers for sampling times ranging from 0.1 second to 4 hours. In a comparison between the NBS hydrogen maser and the NBS III cesium beam, uncorrelated random noise was observed on the frequency fluctuations for sampling times extending to 4 hours; the fractional standard deviations of the frequency fluctuations were as low as 5 parts in 1014.