Glassy Dynamics Beyond the α-Relaxation
Glassy Dynamics Beyond the α-Relaxation
复制标题
超越 α 弛豫的玻璃动力学
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Loidl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Lunkenheimer;A. Loidl
玻璃材料从史前时代[1，2]起就被人类使用，如今在我们的日常生活中无处不在。当然，在例如建筑(窗户)、容器或光学部件中有经典的技术应用。然而，近年来，玻璃材料在非常不同的领域也获得了越来越多的重要性，例如通信技术(光纤)或医学(生物活性植入物)。现代对玻璃的定义是非晶态固体，包括一大批聚合物和玻璃陶瓷，但也包括更多的外来材料，如非晶态金属，它们被认为具有巨大的技术前景。在一些晶体材料中也发现了类似玻璃的行为，即所谓的塑料晶体和取向玻璃，它们在低温下的特征是相对于平移有序分子的取向自由度的静态无序[3]。这些材料通常被认为是“传统的”玻璃成型器的模型系统，在玻璃态的理论和模拟方法中处理它们要简单得多。
Glassy materials have been used by man since prehistoric times [1,2] and nowadays are ubiquitous in our daily live. There are of course the classical technical applications in, e.g. architecture (windows),for containers or for optical components. However, recently glassy materials have also gained increasing importance in quite different fields, e.g. communication technique (optical fibres) or medicine (bioactive implants). The modern definition of glass as a non-crystalline solid includes also the large group of the polymers and glass ceramics, but also more exotic materials as amorphous metals, which are believed to have a great technological future. Glasslike behaviour is also found in some crystalline materials, the so-called plastic crystals and orientational glasses, which at low temperatures are characterized by static disorder with respect to the orientational degrees of freedom of the translationally ordered molecules [3]. These materials are often considered as model systems for “conventional” glass formers and they are much simpler to treat in theoretical and simulation approaches to the glassy state.