Coordinated infraslow neural and cardiac oscillations mark fragility and offline periods in mammalian sleep.
Coordinated infraslow neural and cardiac oscillations mark fragility and offline periods in mammalian sleep.
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DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.1602026
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发表时间：
2017-02
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Lüthi A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lecci S;Fernandez LM;Weber FD;Cardis R;Chatton JY;Born J;Lüthi A
哺乳动物的睡眠通过协调的神经和心脏节律在感觉反应和保护离线期间之间交替。啮齿动物的睡眠持续几分钟;人类的睡眠时间长达几个小时。考虑到这种可变性，睡眠满足的普遍需求是什么？在睡眠中的小鼠和人类中，通过监测神经和心脏活动（分别结合唤醒能力和夜间记忆巩固的评估），我们发现了一个以前未被认识到的睡眠特征，平衡了两个基本但对立的需求：保持对环境的感觉反应，同时促进恢复和记忆巩固。睡眠纺锤带的0.02 Hz振荡、海马涟漪活动和心率依次将非快速眼动（非REM）睡眠分为离线阶段和对外部刺激高度敏感的阶段。选择一个噪音刺激，使睡眠小鼠醒来或睡在可比的速度显示，离线期间对应于提高，而脆弱期对应于下降部分的0.02赫兹振荡的纺锤体活动。小鼠的整个非快速眼动睡眠期间都存在振荡，但人类仅限于轻度非快速眼动睡眠（第2阶段）。在这两个物种中，0.02赫兹的振荡占主导地位的后皮层。在人类的陈述性记忆任务中，0.02赫兹振荡的强度预测了睡眠后的上级记忆回忆。这些振荡指向哺乳动物非快速眼动睡眠的保守功能，即以20到25秒的间隔在环境警觉性和内部记忆处理之间循环。0.02赫兹的振荡扰动可能会导致记忆障碍和睡眠障碍中的不合时宜的觉醒。
Mammalian sleep alternates between sensory-responsive and protected offline periods via coordinated neural and cardiac rhythms. Rodents sleep in bouts lasting minutes; humans sleep for hours. What are the universal needs served by sleep given such variability? In sleeping mice and humans, through monitoring neural and cardiac activity (combined with assessment of arousability and overnight memory consolidation, respectively), we find a previously unrecognized hallmark of sleep that balances two fundamental yet opposing needs: to maintain sensory reactivity to the environment while promoting recovery and memory consolidation. Coordinated 0.02-Hz oscillations of the sleep spindle band, hippocampal ripple activity, and heart rate sequentially divide non–rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep into offline phases and phases of high susceptibility to external stimulation. A noise stimulus chosen such that sleeping mice woke up or slept through at comparable rates revealed that offline periods correspond to raising, whereas fragility periods correspond to declining portions of the 0.02-Hz oscillation in spindle activity. Oscillations were present throughout non-REM sleep in mice, yet confined to light non-REM sleep (stage 2) in humans. In both species, the 0.02-Hz oscillation predominated over posterior cortex. The strength of the 0.02-Hz oscillation predicted superior memory recall after sleep in a declarative memory task in humans. These oscillations point to a conserved function of mammalian non-REM sleep that cycles between environmental alertness and internal memory processing in 20- to 25-s intervals. Perturbed 0.02-Hz oscillations may cause memory impairment and ill-timed arousals in sleep disorders.