Transgenic expression of human APOL1 risk variants in podocytes induces kidney disease in mice.

Transgenic expression of human APOL1 risk variants in podocytes induces kidney disease in mice.
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DOI:
10.1038/nm.4287
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发表时间:
2017-04
期刊:
影响因子:
82.9
通讯作者:
Susztak K
Susztak K
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Beckerman P;Bi-Karchin J;Park AS;Qiu C;Dummer PD;Soomro I;Boustany-Kari CM;Pullen SS;Miner JH;Hu CA;Rohacs T;Inoue K;Ishibe S;Saleem MA;Palmer MB;Cuervo AM;Kopp JB;Susztak K

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非裔美国人患慢性和终末期肾病的风险增加,其中大部分归因于APOL1基因的两种常见遗传变异,称为G1和G2。由于APOL1基因仅存在于一些灵长类动物和人类中,因此仍然缺乏证明这些APOL1风险等位基因具有致病性的直接证据;因此,肾脏疾病的这些风险等位基因的因果关系的实验证明一直具有挑战性。在这里,我们产生了足细胞特异性诱导表达APOL1参考等位基因(称为G0)或每个风险等位基因(G1或G2)的小鼠。我们发现,足细胞特异性表达APOL1风险等位基因的小鼠,而不表达G0等位基因,会发生功能(蛋白尿、氮血症)、结构(足突软化和肾小球硬化)和分子(基因表达)变化,与人类肾脏疾病非常相似。疾病的发展是细胞类型特异性的,可能是可逆的,其严重程度与风险等位基因的表达水平相关。我们进一步发现,APOL1风险等位基因的表达干扰内体运输并阻断自噬通量,最终导致炎症介导的足细胞死亡和肾小球瘢痕形成。总之,这是第一次在体内证明APOL1风险等位基因的表达是足细胞功能改变和肾小球疾病的原因。
African-Americans have an increased risk of developing chronic and end-stage kidney disease, with much of it attributed to two common genetic variants in the APOL1 gene, termed G1 and G2. Direct evidence demonstrating that these APOL1 risk alleles are pathogenic is still lacking as the APOL1 gene is only present in some primates and humans; thus experimental proof of causality of these risk alleles for renal disease has been challenging. Here, we generated mice with podocyte-specific inducible expression of the APOL1 reference allele (termed G0) or each of the risk alleles (G1 or G2). We show that mice with podocyte-specific expression of either APOL1 risk allele, but not the G0 allele, develop functional (albuminuria, azotemia), structural (foot process effacement and glomerulosclerosis) and molecular (gene expression) changes that closely resemble the human kidney disease. Disease development was cell-type specific, and likely reversible, and the severity correlated with the level of expression of the risk allele. We further found that expression of the APOL1 risk alleles interferes with endosomal trafficking and blocks autophagic flux, leading ultimately to inflammatory-mediated podocyte death and glomerular scarring. In summary, this is the first in vivo demonstration that expression of APOL1 risk alleles are causal for altered podocyte function and glomerular disease.
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