Toward an Ecological Field Theory of Perceptual Control of Locomotion
Toward an Ecological Field Theory of Perceptual Control of Locomotion
复制标题
运动感知控制的生态场论
DOI：
10.1207/s15326969eco1202_02
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
R. Shaw
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Kadar;R. Shaw
场的概念于19世纪被引入物理学。不久之后，一些格式塔主义者尝试使用这种方法来描述内部全局大脑过程。相反，另一位格式塔主义者 Lewin（1938）试图对脑场所处的物理和社会环境进行现场描述。后来，J. J. Gibson（Gibson & Crooks，1938/1982）尝试用场论术语概念化环境-有机体相互作用。首先，他建议驾驶员可以利用安全行驶的动态场来控制交通中的汽车，同时避免碰撞。后来，Gibson 和他的同事（Gibson，1950；Gibson、Olum 和 Rosenblatt，1955）从数学上证明了演员如何使用光流场来选择飞机安全着陆的进场路径。在接下来的几十年里，光流场描述提供了一种强大而流行的工具，用于解决视觉感知中涉及动作控制的许多不同问题。尽管吉布森（Gibson，1958）在一篇开创性的文章中概述了视觉控制运动的一般理论，但最近出版的关于该主题的特刊（《生态心理学》；W. H. Warren，1998）表明，即使在简单的任务（例如转向）中，意向和信息约束仍然未被理解。本文批判性地回顾了针对目标导向行为的感知控制问题的场论方法的历史。特别是，我们的概述重点关注吉布森解决运动视觉控制问题的场论尝试的历史来源和发展。我们的概述还提供了对最近描述动物与环境相互作用的领域理论工作的评估。我们的结论是，使用交互场似乎是当前最有前途的方法。由于这些领域包含感知和行动变量，因此它们提供了一种自然的方式来将感知-行动周期表述为信息和控制沿着目标导向路径的相互作用。最后，我们认为，场论提供了一个重要的工具，因为它的力量可以很容易地扩展到包括其他有用的技术（例如，量子力学路径空间形式主义）。
The field concept was introduced into physics in the 19th century. Soon afterward, some Gestaltists tried to use this approach to characterize the internal global brain process. Conversely, another Gestaltist, Lewin (1938), tried to develop a field description of the physical and social environment in which the brain field was immersed. Later, J. J. Gibson (Gibson & Crooks, 1938/1982) attempted to conceptualize the environment-organism interaction in field theoretic terms. First, he suggested that a dynamical field of safe travel may be used by drivers to control their automobiles in traffic while avoiding collisions. Later, Gibson and his colleagues (Gibson, 1950; Gibson, Olum, & Rosenblatt, 1955) showed, mathematically, how an optic flow field that actors may use in selecting approach paths for landing aircraft safely is available. Over the ensuing decades, the optic flow field description has provided a powerful and popular tool for addressing a number of diverse problems in visual perception as it pertains to the control of action. Although in a seminal article, Gibson (1958) outlined a general theory of visually controlled locomotion, a recently published special issue on this topic (in Ecological Psychology; W. H. Warren, 1998) revealed that in even simple tasks (e.g., steering), intentional and informational constraints are still not yet understood. This article critically reviews the history of field theoretical approaches to the problem of perceptual control of goal-directed behavior. In particular, our overview focuses on the historical sources and development of Gibson's field theoretic attempts to address the visual control of locomotion. Our overview also provides an evaluation of recent field theoretical efforts to describe animal-environment interactions. We conclude that the use of interaction fields seems to be the most promising current approach. Because these fields incorporate both perceptual and action variables, they provide a natural way to formulate the perceiving-acting cycle as the reciprocal interplay of information and control along a goal-directed path. Finally, field theory, we suggest, provides an important tool because its power can be readily extended to include other useful techniques as well (e.g., quantum mechanical path space formalisms).
行走过程中姿势的视觉控制：功能特异性。
DOI：
10.1037//0096-1523.22.4.818
发表时间：
1996
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
影响因子：
--
作者：
Warren,WH;Kay,BA;Yilmaz,EH
通讯作者：
Yilmaz,EH