Alcohol addiction and the mu-opioid receptor
Alcohol addiction and the mu-opioid receptor
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.07.011
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发表时间：
2016-02-04
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Berrettini, Wade
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Berrettini, Wade
酒精成瘾是世界上最常见和最具破坏性的疾病之一。考虑到酒精成瘾患者的巨大异质性，一种药物不太可能对几乎所有患者都有帮助。因此，显然有必要开发对现有药物反应的预测指标。纳曲酮是一种u阿片受体拮抗剂，自1994年以来在美国被批准用于治疗酒精成瘾。它的疗效有限，部分原因是不依从性，但许多患者尽管依从性很高，但没有反应。有报道称，如果个体携带G等位基因，mU-阿片受体基因的错义单核苷酸多态(rs179919或A118G)预示着对纳曲酮的有利反应。本章将回顾支持这一假说的证据。这些数据显示，在酒精成瘾者中，‘G’等位基因易于产生有益的纳曲酮反应，但还需要进一步的研究来在前瞻性临床试验中证明这一假说。(C)爱思唯尔公司出版的2015年。
Alcohol addiction is one of the most common and devastating diseases in the world. Given the tremendous heterogeneity of alcohol addicted individuals, it is unlikely that one medication will help nearly all patients. Thus, there is a clear need to develop predictors of response to existing medications. Naltrexone is a mu-opioid receptor antagonist which has been approved in the United States for treatment of alcohol addiction since 1994. It has limited efficacy, in part due to noncompliance, but many patients do not respond despite high levels of compliance. There are reports that a mis-sense single nucleotide polymorphism (rs179919 or A118G) in the mu-opioid receptor gene predicts a favorable response to naltrexone if an individual carries a 'G' allele. This chapter will review the evidence for this hypothesis. The data are promising that the 'G' allele predisposes to a beneficial naltrexone response among alcohol addicted persons, but additional research is needed to prove this hypothesis in prospective clinical trials. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc.